Anatomy and Physiology of Urinary Tract 1
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Questions and Answers

Match the following anatomical structures with their functions in the renal system:

Nephrons = Functional units responsible for filtering the blood and producing urine Glomerular membrane = Allows filtration of plasma while preventing large molecules from passing through Juxtaglomerular apparatus = Regulates blood pressure and the filtration rate of the glomerulus Urinary bladder = Temporary storage reservoir for urine before it is excreted from the body

Match the following renal processes with their descriptions:

Filtration = Removal of waste products and excess substances from the blood Reabsorption = Reclaiming useful substances such as water, glucose, and amino acids Renal blood flow = Volume of blood that passes through the kidneys per minute Regulation of water & electrolyte balance = Maintaining the body's fluid and ion levels within narrow limits

Match the following waste products with their sources in protein metabolism:

Urea = From protein breakdown Uric acid = From nucleic acid breakdown Creatinine = From muscle creatine breakdown End products of hemoglobin breakdown = From breakdown of red blood cells

Match the following functions of the renal system with their descriptions:

<p>Regulation of acid &amp; base balance = Maintaining the pH of body fluids within a narrow range Excretion of foreign chemicals = Eliminating drugs, food additives, pesticides, and other foreign substances from the body Endocrine function = Production of hormones such as erythropoietin, renin, and 1,25-dihydroxy-vitamin D Excretion of waste products of protein metabolism = Removing nitrogenous waste products from the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT one of the chief functions of the renal system?

<p>Regulation of glucose metabolism</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following anatomical terms with their descriptions in the urinary system:

<p>Ureters = Tubes that carry urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder Diaphragm = Muscle separating the thoracic and abdominal cavities, located above the kidneys Urinary bladder = Temporary storage organ for urine before it is excreted from the body Vertebral column = Series of small bones that protect and support the spinal cord, located near the kidneys</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the size of each kidney in adults?

<p>Size of a clenched fist</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is urine delivered to the urinary bladder?

<p>By two ureters</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which anatomical structure is responsible for the filtration of plasma in the kidneys?

<p>Glomerular membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of erythropoietin in the renal system?

<p>Stimulation of red blood cell production</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT one of the chief functions of the renal system?

<p>Regulation of blood sugar levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate weight of each kidney in adults?

<p>~150 g</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which anatomical structure in the kidney is responsible for the filtration of plasma?

<p>Glomerular Membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the two chief functions of the renal system related to electrolyte balance?

<p>Regulation of sodium &amp; chloride levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone is associated with the endocrine function of the renal system?

<p>Erythropoietin</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Renal System Functions and Structures

  • The renal system is responsible for filtering blood, regulating fluid and electrolyte balance, and disposing of waste products.
  • Two chief functions regarding electrolyte balance include maintaining sodium and potassium levels in the body.
  • Erythropoietin, produced by the kidneys, stimulates the production of red blood cells in response to low oxygen levels.
  • Each kidney in adults is about the size of a fist, typically measuring around 10-12 cm in length.
  • Each kidney weighs approximately 125-170 grams in adults.

Urine Formation and Delivery

  • Urine is delivered to the urinary bladder via ureters, which transport urine through peristaltic movements.
  • The nephron is the anatomical structure responsible for the filtration of plasma in the kidneys, consisting of the glomerulus and renal tubules.

Waste Products of Protein Metabolism

  • Common waste products generated from protein metabolism include urea, creatinine, and uric acid, all of which are excreted by kidneys.

Functions of the Renal System

  • The chief functions of the renal system encompass waste removal, electrolyte balance regulation, and acid-base balance maintenance.
  • One function that is NOT a chief function of the renal system is the production of digestive enzymes.

Urinary System Anatomical Terms

  • The urinary system includes structures such as the kidneys (filtration), ureters (transport), bladder (storage), and urethra (excretion).

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Description

Test your knowledge of the functional anatomy of the kidneys, parts of nephrons, glomerular membrane, juxtaglomerular apparatus, renal processes, and renal blood flow. This quiz is based on Prof. Dr. Nadia Yassin's lecture on the urinary tract.

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