Urinary System: Ureters
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Questions and Answers

What is the function of the ureters in the urinary system?

  • To filter waste and excess fluids from the blood
  • To store urine until it is eliminated from the body
  • To regulate blood pressure
  • To transport urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder (correct)

    • How many layers does the wall of the urinary tract have?

  • Three (correct)
  • Six
  • Four
  • Five

    • What type of epithelium makes up the mucosa of the ureters?

  • Cuboidal epithelium
  • Transitional epithelium (correct)
  • Columnar epithelium
  • Squamous epithelium

    • What is the significance of the folds in the mucosa of the ureters?

    <p>They allow the size of the lumen to increase considerably when the ureters are stretched</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the composition of the muscularis layer in the ureters?

    <p>Two smooth muscle layers - an inner longitudinal layer and an outer circular layer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are the ureters located in relation to the posterior abdominal wall?

    <p>Against the posterior abdominal wall</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the origin of each ureter?

    <p>The renal pelvis as it exits the hilum of the kidney</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the outermost layer of the ureters?

    <p>Adventitia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the ovaries in the female reproductive system?

    <p>To produce eggs for fertilization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During embryonic development, what is the origin of the ovaries?

    <p>From the embryonic mesoderm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the uterine tubes in the female reproductive system?

    <p>To facilitate the passage of the fertilized egg to the uterus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the collective structures of the uterine tubes, uterus, and vagina?

    <p>Female reproductive tract</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the normal position of the uterus in the female reproductive system?

    <p>Anterior to the bladder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the vulva in the female reproductive system?

    <p>To protect the internal reproductive organs from external damage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the anatomical relation of the ovaries to the uterine tubes?

    <p>The ovaries release eggs into the uterine tubes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the gross anatomy of the uterine tubes?

    <p>They are convoluted, serpentine tubes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the vagina in the female reproductive tract?

    <p>To connect the uterus to the external environment and provide a passageway for menstrual fluid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following structures supports the uterus?

    <p>The round ligament of the uterus and the broad ligament</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the cervix?

    <p>The lower part of the uterus that connects to the vagina</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the vulva?

    <p>To form the external genitalia of the female</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the hymen?

    <p>A vascularised, membranous structure that partially guards the vaginal orifice</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many main parts does the uterus have?

    <p>Four</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the location of the vagina in relation to the urinary bladder and urethra?

    <p>Anterior to the urinary bladder and urethra</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the vagina during childbirth?

    <p>To form part of the birth canal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the muscle in the wall of the urinary bladder?

    <p>Detrusor muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the composition of the mucosa in the urinary bladder?

    <p>Transitional epithelium with an underlying lamina propria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the rugae in the mucosa of the urinary bladder?

    <p>Increases the distensibility of the urinary bladder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the arrangement of the detrusor muscle in the muscularis layer?

    <p>Three layers - inner longitudinal, middle circular, and outer longitudinal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the outer layer of the urinary bladder composed of?

    <p>Adventitia composed of areolar connective tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the internal urethral sphincter?

    <p>To contract and close the urethra when urine is not being expelled</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the origin of the urethra?

    <p>At the neck of the urinary bladder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between the outer layer of the urinary bladder in the superior and inferior regions?

    <p>The superior region has a serosa and the inferior region has an adventitia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of tissue composes the outer layer of the ureters?

    <p>Connective tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is the urinary bladder located?

    <p>In the pelvic cavity, posterior to the pubic symphysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the shape of the urinary bladder when it is empty?

    <p>Upside-down pyramid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where do the ureters enter the urinary bladder?

    <p>At the two posterolateral angles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the triangular region on the posteroinferior aspect of the urinary bladder?

    <p>Trigone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In males, where is the urinary bladder located in relation to the rectum?

    <p>Anterior to the rectum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In females, where is the urinary bladder located in relation to the uterus?

    <p>Anteroinferior to the uterus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the urinary bladder?

    <p>To store urine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the anatomical relationship between the urinary bladder and the rectum in males?

    <p>The urinary bladder is located anterior to the rectum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which direction does the apex of the urinary bladder point?

    <p>Anteriorly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where do the ureters enter the urinary bladder?

    <p>At the two posterolateral angles of the urinary bladder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the triangular region on the posteroinferior aspect of the urinary bladder?

    <p>Trigone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In females, where is the urinary bladder located in relation to the uterus?

    <p>Anteroinferior to the uterus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the location of the urinary bladder in the pelvic cavity?

    <p>Directly posterior to the pubic symphysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the layer of the ureter that allows it to stretch when filled with urine?

    <p>Mucosa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where do the ureters originate from?

    <p>Renal pelvis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of tissue composes the adventitia of the ureters?

    <p>Areolar connective tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the urinary bladder?

    <p>To store and expel urine from the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the shape of the lumen in the ureters?

    <p>Star-shaped</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many smooth muscle layers make up the muscularis of the ureters?

    <p>Two</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the folds in the mucosa of the ureters?

    <p>To allow the ureters to stretch when filled with urine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship of the ureters to the posterior abdominal wall?

    <p>They are retroperitoneal, only covered by parietal peritoneum on their anterior surface</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the ureters in the urinary system?

    <p>To transport urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the layer of the urinary tract that is outermost?

    <p>Serosa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the internal urethral sphincter?

    <p>To keep the urethra closed when urine is not being expelled</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the composition of the muscularis layer in the urinary bladder?

    <p>Three layers of smooth muscle, including an inner longitudinal layer, a middle circular layer, and an outer longitudinal layer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the rugae in the mucosa of the urinary bladder?

    <p>They increase the distensibility of the urinary bladder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the origin of the urethra?

    <p>At the neck of the urinary bladder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the outer layer of the urinary bladder composed of?

    <p>A layer of simple squamous epithelium with underlying areolar connective tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between the outer layer of the urinary bladder in the superior and inferior regions?

    <p>The superior region is composed of parietal peritoneum, while the inferior region is composed of areolar connective tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the detrusor muscle during micturition?

    <p>To contract and squeeze urine out of the urinary bladder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the urethra?

    <p>To transport urine from the urinary bladder to outside the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the vagina in the female reproductive tract?

    <p>To connect the uterus to the external environment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structures support the uterus?

    <p>Broad ligament and round ligament of the uterus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the location of the vagina in relation to the urinary bladder and urethra?

    <p>Anterior to the urinary bladder and urethra</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the hymen?

    <p>To partially guard the vaginal orifice</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the anatomical relation of the ovaries to the uterine tubes?

    <p>The ovaries are located lateral to the uterine tubes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many main parts does the uterus have?

    <p>Four</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the vagina during childbirth?

    <p>To form part of the birth canal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the vulva?

    <p>The external genitalia of the female</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the collective term for the uterine tubes, uterus, and vagina?

    <p>Female reproductive tract</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the ovaries in the female reproductive system?

    <p>Not mentioned in the text</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the normal position of the uterus in the female reproductive system?

    <p>Not mentioned in the text</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the anatomical relation of the ovaries to the uterine tubes?

    <p>Not mentioned in the text</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the gross anatomy of the uterine tubes?

    <p>Not mentioned in the text</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the vagina in the female reproductive tract?

    <p>Not mentioned in the text</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the female primary sex organs or gonads?

    <p>Ovaries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the collective term for the ovaries, uterine tubes, uterus, vagina, and vulva?

    <p>Female reproductive system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the female primary sex organs or gonads?

    <p>Ovaries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the collective term for the uterine tubes, uterus, and vagina?

    <p>Female reproductive tract</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the normal position of the uterus in the female reproductive system?

    <p>Anterior to the urinary bladder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the vulva in the female reproductive system?

    <p>Protecting the external genital area</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the anatomical relation of the ovaries to the uterine tubes?

    <p>The ovaries are connected to the uterine tubes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the vagina in the female reproductive tract?

    <p>Facilitating childbirth and menstruation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which direction does the apex of the urinary bladder point?

    <p>Anteriorly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is the urinary bladder located in males in relation to the rectum?

    <p>Anterior to the rectum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the triangular region on the posteroinferior aspect of the urinary bladder?

    <p>Trigone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where do the ureters enter the urinary bladder?

    <p>At the posterolateral angles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the composition of the adventitia of the ureters?

    <p>Areolar connective tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In females, where is the urinary bladder located in relation to the uterus?

    <p>Anteroinferior to the uterus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the shape of the urinary bladder when it is empty?

    <p>Upside-down pyramid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is the urinary bladder located in the pelvic cavity?

    <p>Directly posterior to the pubic symphysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the unique feature of the mucosa in the ureters that allows them to stretch?

    <p>Folds that give the ureters a star-shaped lumen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the location of the ureters in relation to the posterior abdominal wall?

    <p>Directly against the posterior abdominal wall</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the composition of the lamina propria in the mucosa of the ureters?

    <p>Fibroelastic connective tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the arrangement of the muscularis layer in the ureters?

    <p>An inner longitudinal layer and an outer circular layer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the origin of each ureter?

    <p>The renal pelvis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the outermost layer of the ureters composed of?

    <p>Adventitia or serosa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the ureters in the urinary system?

    <p>To transport urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the advantage of the star-shaped lumen in the ureters?

    <p>It allows the size of the lumen to increase considerably when the ureters are stretched</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Ureters

    • Ureters are tubes that transport urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder.
    • They are retroperitoneal, sitting directly against the posterior abdominal wall, covered by parietal peritoneum on their anterior surface.
    • Each ureter originates at the renal pelvis as it exits the hilum of the kidney and terminates by entering the urinary bladder.
    • The wall of the ureters has three layers: mucosa, muscularis, and adventitia.

    Mucosa

    • The mucosa is composed of transitional epithelium with an underlying lamina propria made of fibroelastic connective tissue.
    • The mucosa is folded, which gives the ureters a star-shaped lumen, allowing them to stretch when they fill with urine.

    Muscularis

    • The muscularis consists of two smooth muscle layers: an inner longitudinal layer and an outer circular layer.

    Adventitia

    • The outer layer of the ureters is an adventitia composed of areolar connective tissue, anchoring the ureters to the posterior abdominal wall.

    Urinary Bladder

    • The urinary bladder is a muscular sac that stores urine until it is ready to be expelled from the body.
    • It is located in the pelvic cavity directly posterior to the pubic symphysis, but can ascend slightly into the abdominal cavity when it is full.
    • The urinary bladder has an apex that points anteriorly and a base that is directed posteriorly.
    • The ureters enter the urinary bladder at its two posterolateral angles.
    • The neck of the urinary bladder is located inferiorly and is where it drains urine into the urethra to be expelled from the body.
    • Internally, there is a triangular region called the trigone, defined by the two ureteric openings in the superior corners and the urethral opening in the inferior corner.

    Female Reproductive System

    Components and Functions

    • The female reproductive system is composed of the ovaries, uterine tubes, uterus, vagina, and vulva.
    • The uterus can be divided into four main parts: fundus, body, isthmus, and cervix.

    Vagina

    • The vagina is a fibromuscular canal that connects the uterus to the external environment.
    • It is located posterior to the urinary bladder and urethra and anterior to the rectum.
    • The external opening of the vagina is called the vaginal orifice and is partially guarded by a vascularised, membranous structure called the hymen.

    Vulva

    • The vulva is the external genitalia of the female.

    Urinary Bladder Walls

    Mucosa

    • The mucosa is composed of transitional epithelium with an underlying lamina propria.
    • It is folded to form rugae, which increases the distensibility of the urinary bladder.
    • The rugae flatten out when the bladder fills with urine.
    • The mucosa lacks these folds in the area of the trigone.

    Muscularis

    • The muscularis consists of a smooth muscle called the detrusor muscle, arranged in three layers: an inner longitudinal layer, a middle circular layer, and an outer longitudinal layer.
    • The addition of a third smooth muscle layer allows the urinary bladder to squeeze urine out when the detrusor muscle contracts during micturition.

    Adventitia/Serosa

    • The outer layer of the urinary bladder is mostly an adventitia composed of areolar connective tissue, as it lies outside of the peritoneal cavity.
    • However, its superior surface is covered by parietal peritoneum, making the outer layer in this region a serosa composed of simple squamous epithelium with underlying areolar connective tissue.

    Ureters

    • Ureters are tubes that transport urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder.
    • They are retroperitoneal, sitting directly against the posterior abdominal wall, covered by parietal peritoneum on their anterior surface.
    • Each ureter originates at the renal pelvis as it exits the hilum of the kidney and terminates by entering the urinary bladder.
    • The wall of the ureters has three layers: mucosa, muscularis, and adventitia.

    Mucosa

    • The mucosa is composed of transitional epithelium with an underlying lamina propria made of fibroelastic connective tissue.
    • The mucosa is folded, which gives the ureters a star-shaped lumen, allowing them to stretch when they fill with urine.

    Muscularis

    • The muscularis consists of two smooth muscle layers: an inner longitudinal layer and an outer circular layer.

    Adventitia

    • The outer layer of the ureters is an adventitia composed of areolar connective tissue, anchoring the ureters to the posterior abdominal wall.

    Urinary Bladder

    • The urinary bladder is a muscular sac that stores urine until it is ready to be expelled from the body.
    • It is located in the pelvic cavity directly posterior to the pubic symphysis, but can ascend slightly into the abdominal cavity when it is full.
    • The urinary bladder has an apex that points anteriorly and a base that is directed posteriorly.
    • The ureters enter the urinary bladder at its two posterolateral angles.
    • The neck of the urinary bladder is located inferiorly and is where it drains urine into the urethra to be expelled from the body.
    • Internally, there is a triangular region called the trigone, defined by the two ureteric openings in the superior corners and the urethral opening in the inferior corner.

    Female Reproductive System

    Components and Functions

    • The female reproductive system is composed of the ovaries, uterine tubes, uterus, vagina, and vulva.
    • The uterus can be divided into four main parts: fundus, body, isthmus, and cervix.

    Vagina

    • The vagina is a fibromuscular canal that connects the uterus to the external environment.
    • It is located posterior to the urinary bladder and urethra and anterior to the rectum.
    • The external opening of the vagina is called the vaginal orifice and is partially guarded by a vascularised, membranous structure called the hymen.

    Vulva

    • The vulva is the external genitalia of the female.

    Urinary Bladder Walls

    Mucosa

    • The mucosa is composed of transitional epithelium with an underlying lamina propria.
    • It is folded to form rugae, which increases the distensibility of the urinary bladder.
    • The rugae flatten out when the bladder fills with urine.
    • The mucosa lacks these folds in the area of the trigone.

    Muscularis

    • The muscularis consists of a smooth muscle called the detrusor muscle, arranged in three layers: an inner longitudinal layer, a middle circular layer, and an outer longitudinal layer.
    • The addition of a third smooth muscle layer allows the urinary bladder to squeeze urine out when the detrusor muscle contracts during micturition.

    Adventitia/Serosa

    • The outer layer of the urinary bladder is mostly an adventitia composed of areolar connective tissue, as it lies outside of the peritoneal cavity.
    • However, its superior surface is covered by parietal peritoneum, making the outer layer in this region a serosa composed of simple squamous epithelium with underlying areolar connective tissue.

    Ureters

    • The ureters are tubes that transport urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder.
    • They are retroperitoneal, sitting directly against the posterior abdominal wall, and are only covered by parietal peritoneum on their anterior surface.
    • Each ureter originates at the renal pelvis as it exits the hilum of the kidney and terminates by entering the urinary bladder.
    • The wall of the ureters has three layers: an inner mucosa, a middle muscularis, and an outer serosa or adventitia.

    Layers of the Ureters

    • Mucosa: composed of transitional epithelium with an underlying lamina propria made of fibroelastic connective tissue, allowing the ureters to stretch when they fill with urine.
    • The mucosa is folded, giving the ureters a star-shaped lumen that can increase in size when the ureters are stretched.
    • Muscularis: consists of two smooth muscle layers - an inner longitudinal layer and an outer circular layer, opposite to the arrangement in the GI tract.
    • Adventitia: composed of areolar connective tissue, anchoring the ureters to the posterior abdominal wall.

    Urinary Bladder

    • The urinary bladder is a muscular sac that stores urine until it is ready to be expelled from the body.
    • It is located in the pelvic cavity, directly posterior to the pubic symphysis, but can ascend slightly into the abdominal cavity when it is full.
    • The urinary bladder has an apex that points anteriorly and a base that is directed posteriorly.
    • The ureters enter the urinary bladder at its two posterolateral angles.
    • The neck of the urinary bladder is located inferiorly and is where it drains urine into the urethra to be expelled from the body.

    Anatomical Relations of the Urinary Bladder

    • In males, the urinary bladder sits directly anterior to the rectum and superior to the prostate gland.
    • In females, the urinary bladder sits anteroinferior to the uterus and directly anterior to the vagina.

    Features of the Urinary Bladder

    • The trigone is a triangular region on the posteroinferior aspect of the urinary bladder, defined by the two ureteric openings in the superior corners and the urethral opening in the inferior corner.
    • The trigone is smooth, unlike the rest of the internal surface which has mucosal folds called rugae.

    Female Reproductive System

    • The female reproductive system is composed of the ovaries, uterine tubes, uterus, vagina, and vulva.
    • The ovaries are the female primary sex organs or gonads.
    • The uterine tubes, uterus, and vagina are collectively referred to as the female reproductive tract.

    Components and Functions of the Female Reproductive System

    • Ovaries: produce eggs and hormones.
    • Uterine tubes: transport eggs from the ovaries to the uterus.
    • Uterus: nurtures a fertilized egg during pregnancy.
    • Vagina: allows for the passage of a fetus during childbirth and serves as a conduit for menstrual flow.
    • Vulva: protects the opening of the vagina and surrounding tissues.

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    ANAT Week 12.docx

    Description

    Learn about the location, function, gross anatomy, and histology of the ureters, a part of the urinary tract system. Understand the structure and composition of the ureter walls.

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