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Questions and Answers
What is the term for a vertical plane that divides the body into unequal left and right portions?
What is the term for a vertical plane that divides the body into unequal left and right portions?
In the anatomical position, how are the palms of the hands oriented?
In the anatomical position, how are the palms of the hands oriented?
Which term describes a body part situated toward the back of the body?
Which term describes a body part situated toward the back of the body?
If a doctor refers to a structure as ‘caudal’, they are describing it as being located?
If a doctor refers to a structure as ‘caudal’, they are describing it as being located?
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What is the primary difference between anatomy and physiology?
What is the primary difference between anatomy and physiology?
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Which term describes a body part located toward the head?
Which term describes a body part located toward the head?
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What is the anatomical term for a structure located farthest from the midline of the body?
What is the anatomical term for a structure located farthest from the midline of the body?
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Which body cavity is located along the back of the body?
Which body cavity is located along the back of the body?
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The diaphragm separates which two cavities?
The diaphragm separates which two cavities?
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Which of these choices is contained within the dorsal cavity?
Which of these choices is contained within the dorsal cavity?
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Which region is located directly above the stomach?
Which region is located directly above the stomach?
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The combined abdominal and pelvic areas are referred to as what?
The combined abdominal and pelvic areas are referred to as what?
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Which of the following best describes a disease caused by a pathogen that is transmitted from one person to another?
Which of the following best describes a disease caused by a pathogen that is transmitted from one person to another?
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What is the most accurate description of stem cells?
What is the most accurate description of stem cells?
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A pathological condition caused by an absent or defective gene is known as a:
A pathological condition caused by an absent or defective gene is known as a:
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Which type of transmission involves pathogens that can float in the air?
Which type of transmission involves pathogens that can float in the air?
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Which of these is NOT a genetic disorder?
Which of these is NOT a genetic disorder?
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What term describes an ongoing presence of a disease within a specific population, group, or area?
What term describes an ongoing presence of a disease within a specific population, group, or area?
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Which of the following is the MOST likely way for disease pathogens to spread through droplet transmission?
Which of the following is the MOST likely way for disease pathogens to spread through droplet transmission?
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What type of infection is specifically acquired in a hospital or clinical setting?
What type of infection is specifically acquired in a hospital or clinical setting?
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Study Notes
Anatomy and Physiology
- Anatomy: the study of body structures
- Physiology: the study of body functions
- Anatomical position: standing upright, facing forward, arms at sides, palms forward
Body Planes
- Imaginary lines used to divide the body for description
- Aligned with a body in the anatomical position
- Vertical planes:
- Sagittal: divides body into unequal left and right halves
- Midsagittal (midline): divides body into equal left and right halves
- Frontal (coronal): divides body into anterior (front) and posterior (back)
- Transverse: divides body into superior (upper) and inferior (lower)
Body Direction Terms
- Relative location of parts of the body or organs
- Described using contrasting terms:
- Ventral (front), Dorsal (back)
- Cephalic (head), Caudal (tail)
- Anterior (front), Posterior (back)
- Superior (upper), Inferior (lower)
- Medial (middle), Lateral (side)
- Proximal (closer to point of attachment), Distal (farther from point of attachment)
Body Cavities
- Spaces in the body containing internal organs
- Two major cavities:
- Dorsal (back)
- Cranial (brain)
- Spinal (spinal cord)
- Ventral (front)
- Thoracic (chest)
- Pleural (lungs)
- Mediastinum (heart, esophagus, trachea)
- Pericardial (heart)
- Abdominal (digestive organs)
- Pelvic (urinary bladder, reproductive organs)
- Abdominopelvic (abdominal + pelvic)
- Thoracic (chest)
- Dorsal (back)
Abdominal Regions
- Nine regions used to describe sites within the abdomen
- Used to localise pain or organ positions
Disease Transmission
- Pathogens: disease-causing microorganisms (viruses, bacteria)
- Communicable diseases: spread from one person to another
- Direct Transmission: physical contact or exchange of body fluids
- Droplet transmission: coughing or sneezing onto a nearby person
- Airborne transmission: contact with pathogens floating in the air
- Indirect transmission: contact with a contaminated surface
- Bloodborne transmission: infected blood or bodily fluids
Outbreaks of Diseases
- Epidemiologist: a specialist studying disease outbreaks
- National agencies (e.g. CDC) track and try prevent spread
- Endemic: ongoing presence in a population
- Epidemic: widespread outbreak in a population
- Pandemic: global epidemic
- Nosocomial (HAI): diseases acquired in a hospital or clinic
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Description
Explore the fundamental concepts of anatomy and physiology, including the study of body structures and functions. This quiz covers the anatomical position, body planes, and directional terms essential for understanding human anatomy. Test your knowledge on key terminology that describes the human body.
