Body Planes and Divisions Quiz

Body Planes

• The body can be divided into sections using three planes: Coronal, Sagittal, and Transverse.
• The Sagittal plane divides the body into left and right pieces, with the Midsagittal or median plane dividing the body into mirror image left and right halves.
• The Coronal plane divides the body into front and back sections.
• The Transverse plane divides the body into top and bottom sections.

Movement

• Movement occurs in planes: Sagittal (back and forward), Coronal (side to side), and Transverse (rotating).
• In the Sagittal plane, movements include Flexion (decreasing the angle) and Extension (increasing the angle).
• Examples of movement in the Sagittal plane include:
  • Flexion: bringing the fleshy parts of the limb closer together.
  • Extension: increasing the angle between bones.
  • Dorsiflexion: toes moving towards the face.
  • Plantarflexion: toes pointing towards the ground.
• In the Coronal plane, movements include Abduction (moving away from the midline) and Adduction (moving towards the midline).
• Examples of movement in the Coronal plane include:
  • Abduction: moving a limb away from the midline.
  • Adduction: moving a limb towards the midline.
  • Inversion: the sole of the foot facing towards the midline.
  • Eversion: the sole of the foot turning away from the midline.

Specialised Movements

• Circumduction: a combination of four movements (flexion, abduction, extension, and adduction) without rotation.
• Rotation: movement around the long axis of a joint, with lateral (external) and medial (internal) rotations.
• Pronation: the palm facing posterior.
• Supination: the palm facing anterior, with forearm bones parallel.

Anatomical Terminology

• Specific terminology is used to refer to body parts, directions, and movements.
• Examples of anatomical terminology include:
  • Upper Limb: Arm, Forearm, Hand.
  • Lower Limb: Thigh, Leg, Foot.

Anatomical Position

• The anatomical position is upright, facing forwards, with feet together and palms facing forwards.
• This position remains the same regardless of movement.

Terms of Direction

• Terms of direction are used to describe body parts in relation to other parts, including:
  • Anterior: towards the front.
  • Posterior: towards the back.
  • Superior: towards the top.
  • Inferior: towards the bottom.
  • Medial: towards the midline.
  • Lateral: away from the midline.
  • Proximal: closer to the point of attachment.
  • Distal: further from the point of attachment.
  • Superficial: closer to the surface.
  • Deep: further from the surface.