Questions and Answers
What is homeostasis?
Unchanging dynamic physiological processes that help us maintain an internal environment suitable for normal function.
What are feedback loops?
Respond to keep systems functioning near a set point or ideal level, either positive or negative.
What are the 4 parts of a feedback loop?
Stimulus, Receptor (Sensor), Control, Effector.
What is a negative feedback loop?
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What is a positive feedback loop?
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What is the stimulus part of a feedback loop?
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What is the receptor or sensor part of a feedback loop?
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What is the control part of a feedback loop?
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What is the effector part of a feedback loop?
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What would an abnormality in a feedback loop cause?
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How does the blood sugar regulation feedback loop work?
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What is the difference between Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes?
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What is anatomy?
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What is physiology?
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Levels of organization (in order from least to greatest): Atom, Molecule or compound, organelle, cell, tissue, organ, organ system, ________.
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Study Notes
Homeostasis
- Refers to "unchanging," representing dynamic physiological processes.
- Essential for maintaining an internal environment conducive to normal body functions.
Feedback Loops
- Vital for regulating physiological systems around a set point, classified as positive or negative feedback.
Parts of a Feedback Loop
- Comprised of four elements: Stimulus, Receptor (Sensor), Control, and Effector.
Negative Feedback Loop
- Produces responses that counteract the initial stimulus.
- Common in bodily systems, ensuring stability through minor adjustments (e.g., temperature regulation).
Positive Feedback Loop
- Initiates responses that enhance the original stimulus.
- Rare and unstable, can lead to rapid changes (e.g., childbirth contractions, blood clotting).
Stimulus in Feedback Loop
- An event that shifts a physiological set point out of its normal range (e.g., body temperature increase).
Receptor or Sensor
- Specialized area (e.g., thermoreceptors) that identifies changes in the set point.
Control in Feedback Loop
- The regulatory center, often located in the brain, that maintains the set point.
Effector in Feedback Loop
- The entity that executes responses to restore the set point. For example, if the body temperature exceeds normal, blood vessels dilate and sweat glands are activated.
Abnormal Feedback Loop Consequences
- Can lead to diseases or disorders, as seen in blood sugar regulation issues (e.g., diabetes).
Blood Sugar Regulation
- Operates as a negative feedback loop.
- Managed by the pancreas through the release of hormones (Insulin and Glucagon).
- Insulin lowers blood glucose by facilitating cellular uptake, while Glucagon raises blood glucose by signaling liver and muscle glycogen breakdown.
Diabetes Types
- Type 1 Diabetes: Autoimmune destruction of insulin-producing pancreatic cells, necessitating insulin injections for glucose regulation.
- Type 2 Diabetes: Insulin is produced but body cells show reduced responsiveness, often manageable through diet alone.
Anatomy
- Means "to cut up," focusing on the body's structure, observable through dissection and examination.
Physiology
- Defined as "the study of nature," concerning the functions and operations of body systems.
Levels of Organization
- Hierarchical arrangement includes: Atom, Molecule or Compound, Organelle, Cell, Tissue, Organ, Organ System, and Organism.
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Description
Test your knowledge on homeostasis and feedback loops with these flashcards. This quiz covers key concepts essential to understanding the internal mechanisms that maintain physiological balance in the body. Ideal for students studying Anatomy and Physiology.
