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Questions and Answers
What is the main purpose of homeostasis?
What is the main purpose of homeostasis?
- Balancing the levels of intracellular and extracellular fluids
- Controlling the body's response to external stimuli
- Regulating the intracellular fluid for each individual cell
- Maintaining the extracellular fluid at a specific set point (correct)
Which of the following is an example of a regulated variable?
Which of the following is an example of a regulated variable?
- Intracellular fluid level
- Blood glucose level
- Body temperature (correct)
- Heart rate
What is the role of the integration center in a feedback loop?
What is the role of the integration center in a feedback loop?
- Regulate the extracellular fluid
- Decide on actions based on changes to the regulated variable (correct)
- Monitor changes in regulated variables
- Elicit a response from the effector
Which component of a feedback loop acts as a working organ or part of the body that elicits a response?
Which component of a feedback loop acts as a working organ or part of the body that elicits a response?
In homeostasis, are normal fluctuations expected in regulated variables such as body temperature?
In homeostasis, are normal fluctuations expected in regulated variables such as body temperature?
Why is regulating the extracellular fluid more efficient for maintaining homeostasis than regulating the intracellular fluid for each individual cell?
Why is regulating the extracellular fluid more efficient for maintaining homeostasis than regulating the intracellular fluid for each individual cell?
What are the three different types of individual sugar units mentioned in the text?
What are the three different types of individual sugar units mentioned in the text?
Which structure is described as having hydrophobic phosphate heads and hydrophilic tails?
Which structure is described as having hydrophobic phosphate heads and hydrophilic tails?
What is the inner core of a micelle composed of?
What is the inner core of a micelle composed of?
What are the building blocks of proteins?
What are the building blocks of proteins?
What differentiates between different types of amino acids?
What differentiates between different types of amino acids?
What type of groups determine the functionality of an amino acid?
What type of groups determine the functionality of an amino acid?
Which type of sugar unit is known as 'milk sugar'?
Which type of sugar unit is known as 'milk sugar'?
In which structure does the hydrophobic property of phosphate heads face outward?
In which structure does the hydrophobic property of phosphate heads face outward?
Which type of sugar unit is mainly found in fruits and honey?
Which type of sugar unit is mainly found in fruits and honey?
What is the main component of the inner core of a micelle?
What is the main component of the inner core of a micelle?
Which type of feedback loop is commonly found in the body, and is associated with corrective actions to return back to homeostasis?
Which type of feedback loop is commonly found in the body, and is associated with corrective actions to return back to homeostasis?
What does the pancreas release in response to an increase in blood glucose levels?
What does the pancreas release in response to an increase in blood glucose levels?
What type of molecule is at the center of much of the biomolecules discussed in the text?
What type of molecule is at the center of much of the biomolecules discussed in the text?
What functional group is indicated by the chemical formula OH and has a polar property?
What functional group is indicated by the chemical formula OH and has a polar property?
Which type of biomolecule is made up of monosaccharides?
Which type of biomolecule is made up of monosaccharides?
In what situation does positive feedback occur according to the text?
In what situation does positive feedback occur according to the text?
What is the terminal signal that stops the positive feedback loop during ovulation?
What is the terminal signal that stops the positive feedback loop during ovulation?
What effect does a hydroxyl group have on a biomolecule?
What effect does a hydroxyl group have on a biomolecule?
What action signals the uterus to contract with more force during childbirth?
What action signals the uterus to contract with more force during childbirth?
Which molecule is released by the pituitary gland in the example of positive feedback given in the text?
Which molecule is released by the pituitary gland in the example of positive feedback given in the text?
What does the release of luteinizing hormone lead to in the ovaries?
What does the release of luteinizing hormone lead to in the ovaries?
What is the role of insulin in response to increased blood glucose levels?
What is the role of insulin in response to increased blood glucose levels?
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Study Notes
Homeostasis
- The main purpose of homeostasis is to maintain a stable internal environment despite changes in the external environment.
- Regulated variables, such as body temperature, are controlled to maintain homeostasis.
- Normal fluctuations are expected in regulated variables, such as body temperature.
###feedback Loop
- The integration center plays a crucial role in a feedback loop, receiving and processing information to trigger a response.
- The effector acts as a working organ or part of the body that elicits a response in a feedback loop.
- Regulating the extracellular fluid is more efficient for maintaining homeostasis than regulating the intracellular fluid for each individual cell.
Carbohydrates
- The three types of individual sugar units mentioned are glucose, galactose, and fructose.
- Lactose is known as 'milk sugar'.
- Fructose is mainly found in fruits and honey.
Phospholipids
- Phospholipids have hydrophobic phosphate heads and hydrophilic tails.
- The inner core of a micelle is composed of hydrophobic tails.
- In a liposome, the hydrophobic property of phosphate heads faces outward.
Proteins
- The building blocks of proteins are amino acids.
- Different types of amino acids are differentiated by their R groups.
- The functionality of an amino acid is determined by its R group.
Positive Feedback
- Positive feedback is commonly found in the body and is associated with corrective actions to return back to homeostasis.
- Positive feedback occurs during ovulation, where a surge in luteinizing hormone triggers a greater response.
- The terminal signal that stops the positive feedback loop during ovulation is the release of progesterone.
- The release of oxytocin signals the uterus to contract with more force during childbirth.
Biomolecules
- The molecule at the center of much of the biomolecules discussed is carbon.
- A hydroxyl group (OH) is a functional group with a polar property.
- Biomolecules made up of monosaccharides are classified as carbohydrates.
- The effect of a hydroxyl group on a biomolecule is to make it polar.
- Insulin is released in response to increased blood glucose levels, and its role is to lower blood glucose levels.
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