Biology Chapter 17 - The Urinary System

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What is the location of a nephron in the kidney?

Partly in the cortex and partly in the medulla (correct)

In the renal pelvis

Only in the renal medulla

Only in the renal cortex

What is the function of the afferent arteriole?

To regulate blood pressure in the kidney

To supply blood to the glomerulus (correct)

To drain excess fluid from the nephron

To collect filtered fluid from the glomerulus

What is the glomerular capsule?

A ball of capillaries in the nephron

The blind end of the nephron that contains the glomerulus (correct)

A type of capillary in the glomerulus

A part of the renal medulla

What is the purpose of the peritubular capillaries?

To collect reabsorbed substances from the nephron (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the renal medulla?

The innermost layer of the kidney (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the ureter?

To transport urine from the kidneys to the bladder (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the renal artery?

To bring oxygenated blood to the kidney (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between the male and female urethra?

The male urethra transports both urine and semen (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the renal capsule?

To cover and protect the kidney (D) Signup and view all the answers

Where are the kidneys located in the body?

Just above the waist on the posterior wall of the abdomen (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the hilus?

The opening in the kidney where the renal artery, renal vein, and ureter enter and exit (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the afferent arteriole in the nephron?

To carry blood to the glomerulus (D) Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of blood pumped by the heart goes directly to the kidneys?

25% (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the proximal tubule in the nephron?

Tubular reabsorption (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the hypothalamus in the process of facultative water reabsorption?

To produce ADH (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the collecting ducts in the formation of urine?

To concentrate urine (C) Signup and view all the answers

How many quarts of urine are formed from the 48 gallons of glomerular filtrate produced daily?

1-2 quarts (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH) in the body?

To conserve water in the body by regulating kidney function (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of Angiotensin II on blood pressure?

It increases blood pressure by constricting blood vessels (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of Atrial Natriuretic Peptide (ANP)?

To increase urine output by inhibiting ADH and rennin (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of dialysis?

To filter waste products from the blood when the kidneys fail (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the normal composition of urine?

Urea, creatine, uric acid, fatty acids, enzymes, and hormones (C) Signup and view all the answers

What are kidney stones typically made of?

Uric acid or calcium oxalate (B) Signup and view all the answers