Podcast
Questions and Answers
Match each anatomical term with its correct directional meaning:
Match each anatomical term with its correct directional meaning:
Anterior = Toward the front or head Posterior = Toward the back or tail Dorsal = Toward the upper surface or back Ventral = Toward the lower surface or abdomen
Match the circulatory system type with its correct description:
Match the circulatory system type with its correct description:
Open Circulatory System = Blood is not always confined to vessels; blood directly bathes organs Closed Circulatory System = Blood is confined to vessels; heart pumps blood through vessels 3-Chambered Heart = Two atria and one ventricle; mixing of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood 4-Chambered Heart = Two atria and two ventricles; complete separation of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood
Match each organ with its primary purpose in an animal's body:
Match each organ with its primary purpose in an animal's body:
Esophagus = Transports food from the mouth to the stomach Intestines = Absorbs nutrients from digested food Brain = Coordinates sensory input and motor responses Kidney = Filters waste from the blood
Match the term with its correct evolutionary significance:
Match the term with its correct evolutionary significance:
Match each term with its role in evolution or genetics:
Match each term with its role in evolution or genetics:
Flashcards
Dorsal
Dorsal
Toward the back (of the trunk) or top (of the head)
Ventral
Ventral
Toward the belly or front
Anterior
Anterior
Toward the head
Posterior
Posterior
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Open vs. Closed Circulatory System
Open vs. Closed Circulatory System
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Study Notes
- Anatomy and Evolution are being tested.
Anatomical Orientation
- Dorsal refers to the back or upper side.
- Ventral refers to the front or lower side.
- Anterior refers to the front.
- Posterior refers to the back.
- Open circulatory systems pump blood into a hemocoel with the blood diffusing back to the circulatory system between cells.
- Closed circulatory systems have the blood closed at all times within vessels of different size and wall thickness; blood is pumped by a heart through vessels, and does not normally fill body cavities
- Cold-blooded animals cannot regulate their own body temperature.
- Warm-blooded animals maintain a constant body temperature regardless of the environment.
- Bilateral symmetry refers to organisms that can be divided into mirror images along a midline.
Biological Systems
- The nervous system's purpose is to transmit signals between different parts of the body.
Reproduction
- Sexual reproduction in the animal kingdom involves the fusion of gametes to produce offspring with genetic variation
- The esophagus transports food, intestines digest and absorb nutrients, the brain controls bodily functions, there are 3-chambered hearts (amphibians and reptiles) and 4-chambered hearts.
- Internal skeletons provide support inside the body.
- Exoskeletons provide external protection and support.
- Testes produce sperm, ovaries produce eggs, nerves transmit electrical signals vs. a spinal cord which is the main neural pathway, kidneys filter waste, and lungs facilitate gas exchange.
Classification
- Taxonomy is the science of naming and classifying organisms.
- Phylogeny is the study of the evolutionary history and relationships among organisms.
- Classification tools include cladograms (diagrams showing evolutionary relationships) and dichotomous keys (tools for identification based on paired choices).
Adaptations
- Physical adaptations involve body structure.
- Behavioral adaptations involve actions and responses.
- Natural selection refers to when better adapted individuals survive and reproduce more successfully.
- Evolution is the change in heritable characteristics of biological populations over successive generations.
- Natural selection is a process where organisms with favorable traits are more likely to survive and reproduce.
- Artificial selection involves humans breeding plants and animals for desired traits.
- Species formation is also known as speciation.
Speciation and Heredity
- Isolation leading to speciation increases biodiversity.
- Genetic change includes recombination and mutation.
- Homologous structures indicate common ancestry.
- Vestigial traits indicate evolutionary history.
- Overproduction, competition, and variation are key factors in evolution.
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Description
Anatomy and Evolution definitions. Includes anatomical orientation such as anterior, posterior, ventral, and dorsal. Also includes the purpose of the nervous system and how sexual reproduction occurs.
