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Questions and Answers
An organism is discovered with a newly identified structure that appears to have no present function, but is similar to a functional organ in related species. What is the MOST likely explanation for this structure?
An organism is discovered with a newly identified structure that appears to have no present function, but is similar to a functional organ in related species. What is the MOST likely explanation for this structure?
- The structure is a vestigial trait due to shared ancestry and evolutionary history. (correct)
- The structure resulted from artificial selection.
- The organism is developing a new adaptation for future environmental changes.
- The organism requires the structure during its juvenile development, but no longer as an adult.
A closed circulatory system is characterized by blood directly bathing the organs, allowing for efficient nutrient and waste exchange.
A closed circulatory system is characterized by blood directly bathing the organs, allowing for efficient nutrient and waste exchange.
False (B)
Explain how isolation can lead to speciation.
Explain how isolation can lead to speciation.
Isolation prevents gene flow between populations, leading to genetic divergence through natural selection and mutation. Over time, these genetic differences can result in reproductive isolation, leading to the formation of new species.
In taxonomy, a(n) ___________ represents a branching diagram showing the evolutionary relationships among different species or groups.
In taxonomy, a(n) ___________ represents a branching diagram showing the evolutionary relationships among different species or groups.
Match the following anatomical terms with their correct descriptions:
Match the following anatomical terms with their correct descriptions:
Flashcards
Anterior vs. Posterior
Anterior vs. Posterior
Towards the back (tail) vs. towards the front (head).
Open vs. Closed Circulatory System
Open vs. Closed Circulatory System
Blood not always contained in vessels vs. blood always in vessels.
Cold Blooded vs. Warm Blooded
Cold Blooded vs. Warm Blooded
Internal temperature varies with the environment vs. maintains a constant internal temperature.
Bilateral Symmetry
Bilateral Symmetry
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Purpose of the Nervous System
Purpose of the Nervous System
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Study Notes
- Study notes relating to Anatomy and Evolution
Anatomical Orientation
- Dorsal refers to the back or upper side, while ventral refers to the front or lower side.
- Anterior refers to the front, while posterior refers to the back.
Circulatory Systems
- Open circulatory systems pump blood into a hemocoel with the blood diffusing back to the circulatory system between cells
- Closed circulatory systems have the blood closed at all times within vessels of different size and wall thickness. In this type of system, blood is pumped by a heart through vessels, and does not normally fill body cavities.
Body Temperature Regulation
- Cold-blooded (ectothermic) animals rely on external sources for body heat.
- Warm-blooded (endothermic) animals generate their own body heat internally.
Body Symmetry
- Bilateral symmetry involves a body plan with distinct left and right sides that are mirror images of each other.
Body Systems
- Nervous system's purpose is for rapid communication and control via electrical and chemical signals.
Reproduction
- Sexual reproduction in the animal kingdom leads to genetic diversity through the combination of genes from two parents.
Organ Functions
- Esophagus transports food to the stomach.
- Intestines are responsible for nutrient absorption.
- Brain controls bodily functions and thought.
- Hearts can have 3 or 4 chambers, with 4 chambered hearts being more efficient at separating oxygenated and deoxygenated blood.
- Endoskeletons are internal support structures, while exoskeletons are external support structures.
- Testes produce sperm, ovaries produce eggs.
- Nerves transmit electrical signals, spinal cords relay signals between the brain and body.
- Kidneys filter waste from the blood, lungs facilitate gas exchange.
Taxonomy and Phylogeny
- Taxonomy is the science of classifying organisms.
- Phylogeny studies the evolutionary relationships among organisms.
- Cladograms and dichotomous keys are used as classification tools.
Adaptations
- Physical adaptations involve body structures, like camouflage.
- Behavioral adaptations involve actions, like migration.
Evolution
- Natural selection is the process where organisms better adapted to their environment tend to survive and reproduce more successfully.
- Natural selection differs from artificial selection, as it favors traits beneficial in nature rather than traits selected by humans.
- Species and speciation are related, with speciation being the process by which new species arise.
- Isolation leading to speciation drives biodiversity.
- Recombination and mutation drive genetic change.
- Homologous structures indicate common ancestry.
- Vestigial traits offer evidence for evolution.
- Overproduction, competition, and variation are essential for natural selection.
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Description
Concise study notes on anatomy and evolution. Covers anatomical orientation (dorsal, ventral, anterior, posterior), circulatory systems (open, closed), body temperature regulation (ectothermic, endothermic), and characteristics of body symmetry and body systems.
