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Questions and Answers
Which artery runs downwards along the greater curvature of the stomach?
Which artery runs downwards along the greater curvature of the stomach?
Where do the short gastric arteries arise from?
Where do the short gastric arteries arise from?
Which vein drains into the splenic vein?
Which vein drains into the splenic vein?
What is the destination of lymph drained by the right and left gastric lymphatic nodes?
What is the destination of lymph drained by the right and left gastric lymphatic nodes?
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Where does the right gastro-omental vein drain into?
Where does the right gastro-omental vein drain into?
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Which blood vessel supplies the fundus of the stomach?
Which blood vessel supplies the fundus of the stomach?
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Which plane unites the left and right anterior superior iliac spines of the iliac crests?
Which plane unites the left and right anterior superior iliac spines of the iliac crests?
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What divides the abdominal regions into three horizontal areas?
What divides the abdominal regions into three horizontal areas?
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Which region is located above the transpyloric plane?
Which region is located above the transpyloric plane?
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Which abdominal region lies between the transpyloric and intertubercular planes?
Which abdominal region lies between the transpyloric and intertubercular planes?
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What separates the lateral abdominal regions in the abdominal anatomy described?
What separates the lateral abdominal regions in the abdominal anatomy described?
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In the epigastrial regions, what lies on each side of the epigastric abdominal region?
In the epigastrial regions, what lies on each side of the epigastric abdominal region?
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What structures are superficial to the arteries at the porta hepatis?
What structures are superficial to the arteries at the porta hepatis?
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Which lobe of the liver is always superior (ventral) to the caudate lobe?
Which lobe of the liver is always superior (ventral) to the caudate lobe?
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What vessels form the main trunk of the portal vein?
What vessels form the main trunk of the portal vein?
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Where does the common bile duct lie in relation to the hepatic artery at the porta hepatis?
Where does the common bile duct lie in relation to the hepatic artery at the porta hepatis?
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Which of these veins has no innominate artery accompanying it?
Which of these veins has no innominate artery accompanying it?
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What separates the quadrate lobe from the caudate lobe in the liver?
What separates the quadrate lobe from the caudate lobe in the liver?
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Where do all veins draining the duodenum drain into?
Where do all veins draining the duodenum drain into?
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Which vein drains into the right gastric vein marking the gastroduodenal junction?
Which vein drains into the right gastric vein marking the gastroduodenal junction?
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Where do the anterior lymph vessels from the duodenum drain superiorly?
Where do the anterior lymph vessels from the duodenum drain superiorly?
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What supports the small bowel and is situated below the transverse colon?
What supports the small bowel and is situated below the transverse colon?
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What is the average length of the peritoneal portion of the small bowel?
What is the average length of the peritoneal portion of the small bowel?
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Where do jejunum and ileum share their blood supply, innervation, and functions?
Where do jejunum and ileum share their blood supply, innervation, and functions?
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Where do the lymph vessels of the anterior abdominal wall drain to?
Where do the lymph vessels of the anterior abdominal wall drain to?
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What is the main function of the pre-aortic nodes?
What is the main function of the pre-aortic nodes?
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Which lymphatic nodes receive nearly all the lymph drained from lower limbs, pelvis, and deep tissue of the perineum?
Which lymphatic nodes receive nearly all the lymph drained from lower limbs, pelvis, and deep tissue of the perineum?
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What is the role of para-aortic nodes in the lymphatic system?
What is the role of para-aortic nodes in the lymphatic system?
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What is the destination of the efferents from pre-aortic nodes?
What is the destination of the efferents from pre-aortic nodes?
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Which group of pre-aortic nodes are arranged around the origins of arteries supplying the alimentary tract?
Which group of pre-aortic nodes are arranged around the origins of arteries supplying the alimentary tract?
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Study Notes
Blood Supply of the Stomach
- The greater curvature of the stomach is supplied by the left and right gastro-omental arteries, which form an arterial arch.
- The left gastro-omental artery is a branch of the splenic artery, and the right gastro-omental artery is a branch of the gastroduodenal artery.
- The short gastric arteries, which arise from the splenic artery, supply the fundus of the stomach.
Venous Drainage of the Stomach
- The gastric veins accompany the corresponding arteries and drain into the portal vein circulation.
- The right and left gastric veins drain directly into the portal vein.
- The short gastric veins and the left gastro-omental vein drain into the splenic vein.
- The right gastro-omental vein drains into the superior mesenteric vein.
Lymphatic Drainage of the Stomach
- The right and left gastric lymph nodes are situated along the corresponding blood vessels and drain into the coeliac nodes.
Abdominal Regions
- Nine abdominal regions are formed by two horizontal planes (transpyloric and intertubercular) and two vertical lines (right and left midclavicular lines).
- The regions are: epigastric, mesogastrial, hypogastrial, right and left hypochondriac, right and left lumbar, and umbilical.
Blood Supply of the Duodenum
- The duodenum receives blood supply from the superior and inferior pancreaticoduodenal arteries.
- The superior pancreaticoduodenal artery is a branch of the gastroduodenal artery.
- The inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery is a branch of the superior mesenteric artery.
Venous Drainage of the Duodenum
- The veins draining the duodenum are tributaries of the portal vein system, mainly through the superior mesenteric vein.
Lymphatic Drainage of the Duodenum
- The anterior lymph vessels drain superiorly to the pancreaticoduodenal lymph nodes along the splenic artery and vein.
- From the lower part of the anterior surface, lymph is returned to the pyloric lymph nodes.
- Efferent vessels pass to the celiac lymph nodes.
The Midgut (Jejunum and Ileum)
- The midgut is supported by the mesentery proper and is situated mainly in the central abdomen.
- The jejunal and ileal blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, nerves, and fatty tissue pass between the two layers of peritoneum.
Lymphatic Drainage of the Midgut
- The lymph vessels of the small intestine drain into intermediate groups of nodes arranged along the arteries in the mesentery or on the abdominal wall.
- These nodes drain to one of three groups of pre-aortic nodes arranged about the origins of the coeliac, superior and inferior mesenteric arteries.
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Description
Test your knowledge on anatomical abdominal regions and planes including the transtubercular plane and intertubercular plane. Identify regions like right hypochondriac region, epigastric abdominal region, umbilical region, and more based on vertical lines and landmarks.
