30 Questions
Which artery runs downwards along the greater curvature of the stomach?
Left gastro-omental artery
Where do the short gastric arteries arise from?
Splenic artery
Which vein drains into the splenic vein?
Left gastro-omental vein
What is the destination of lymph drained by the right and left gastric lymphatic nodes?
Coeliac nodes
Where does the right gastro-omental vein drain into?
Superior mesenteric vein
Which blood vessel supplies the fundus of the stomach?
Short gastric arteries
Which plane unites the left and right anterior superior iliac spines of the iliac crests?
Intertubercular plane
What divides the abdominal regions into three horizontal areas?
Transpyloric and intertubercular planes
Which region is located above the transpyloric plane?
Epigastric region
Which abdominal region lies between the transpyloric and intertubercular planes?
Mesogastrial region
What separates the lateral abdominal regions in the abdominal anatomy described?
Midclavicular line
In the epigastrial regions, what lies on each side of the epigastric abdominal region?
Left hypochondriac region and right hypochondriac region
What structures are superficial to the arteries at the porta hepatis?
Hepatic ducts
Which lobe of the liver is always superior (ventral) to the caudate lobe?
Quadrate lobe
What vessels form the main trunk of the portal vein?
Splenic vein, inferior mesenteric vein, superior mesenteric vein
Where does the common bile duct lie in relation to the hepatic artery at the porta hepatis?
Inferiorly
Which of these veins has no innominate artery accompanying it?
Prepyloric vein
What separates the quadrate lobe from the caudate lobe in the liver?
Portal vein and associated structures
Where do all veins draining the duodenum drain into?
Hepatic portal vein
Which vein drains into the right gastric vein marking the gastroduodenal junction?
Prepyloric vein
Where do the anterior lymph vessels from the duodenum drain superiorly?
Pancreaticoduodenal lymph nodes
What supports the small bowel and is situated below the transverse colon?
Mesentery proper
What is the average length of the peritoneal portion of the small bowel?
$5 - 11$ m
Where do jejunum and ileum share their blood supply, innervation, and functions?
Mesentery
Where do the lymph vessels of the anterior abdominal wall drain to?
Axillary, anterior mediastinal, and superficial inguinal nodes
What is the main function of the pre-aortic nodes?
Drain the structures supplied by the arteries of the alimentary tract
Which lymphatic nodes receive nearly all the lymph drained from lower limbs, pelvis, and deep tissue of the perineum?
Lumbar lymph nodes
What is the role of para-aortic nodes in the lymphatic system?
Drain the posterior abdominal wall, kidneys, suprarenals, gonads, pelvic viscera, and lower limbs
What is the destination of the efferents from pre-aortic nodes?
Intestinal lymph trunk which enters the cisterna chyli
Which group of pre-aortic nodes are arranged around the origins of arteries supplying the alimentary tract?
Coeliac, superior mesenteric, inferior mesenteric arteries' pre-aortic nodes
Study Notes
Blood Supply of the Stomach
- The greater curvature of the stomach is supplied by the left and right gastro-omental arteries, which form an arterial arch.
- The left gastro-omental artery is a branch of the splenic artery, and the right gastro-omental artery is a branch of the gastroduodenal artery.
- The short gastric arteries, which arise from the splenic artery, supply the fundus of the stomach.
Venous Drainage of the Stomach
- The gastric veins accompany the corresponding arteries and drain into the portal vein circulation.
- The right and left gastric veins drain directly into the portal vein.
- The short gastric veins and the left gastro-omental vein drain into the splenic vein.
- The right gastro-omental vein drains into the superior mesenteric vein.
Lymphatic Drainage of the Stomach
- The right and left gastric lymph nodes are situated along the corresponding blood vessels and drain into the coeliac nodes.
Abdominal Regions
- Nine abdominal regions are formed by two horizontal planes (transpyloric and intertubercular) and two vertical lines (right and left midclavicular lines).
- The regions are: epigastric, mesogastrial, hypogastrial, right and left hypochondriac, right and left lumbar, and umbilical.
Blood Supply of the Duodenum
- The duodenum receives blood supply from the superior and inferior pancreaticoduodenal arteries.
- The superior pancreaticoduodenal artery is a branch of the gastroduodenal artery.
- The inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery is a branch of the superior mesenteric artery.
Venous Drainage of the Duodenum
- The veins draining the duodenum are tributaries of the portal vein system, mainly through the superior mesenteric vein.
Lymphatic Drainage of the Duodenum
- The anterior lymph vessels drain superiorly to the pancreaticoduodenal lymph nodes along the splenic artery and vein.
- From the lower part of the anterior surface, lymph is returned to the pyloric lymph nodes.
- Efferent vessels pass to the celiac lymph nodes.
The Midgut (Jejunum and Ileum)
- The midgut is supported by the mesentery proper and is situated mainly in the central abdomen.
- The jejunal and ileal blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, nerves, and fatty tissue pass between the two layers of peritoneum.
Lymphatic Drainage of the Midgut
- The lymph vessels of the small intestine drain into intermediate groups of nodes arranged along the arteries in the mesentery or on the abdominal wall.
- These nodes drain to one of three groups of pre-aortic nodes arranged about the origins of the coeliac, superior and inferior mesenteric arteries.
Test your knowledge on anatomical abdominal regions and planes including the transtubercular plane and intertubercular plane. Identify regions like right hypochondriac region, epigastric abdominal region, umbilical region, and more based on vertical lines and landmarks.
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