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Questions and Answers
Which of the following best describes the focus of anatomic pathology?
Which of the following best describes the focus of anatomic pathology?
- The study of cells and their functions.
- The identification of unknown disease origins.
- The study of disease or illness states visible in organs or the body. (correct)
- The analysis of tissue cuts under a microscope.
Histopathology involves evaluating tissue samples at a macroscopic level to identify diseases.
Histopathology involves evaluating tissue samples at a macroscopic level to identify diseases.
False (B)
Define cytopathology and provide an example of its application.
Define cytopathology and provide an example of its application.
Cytopathology involves examining cells under a microscope to identify pathological conditions. A Pap smear is an example, used to detect cervical cancer.
Congenital diseases are ______ diseases, potentially passed down through genes.
Congenital diseases are ______ diseases, potentially passed down through genes.
Which of the following is NOT typically associated with acquired diseases?
Which of the following is NOT typically associated with acquired diseases?
What characterizes idiopathic diseases?
What characterizes idiopathic diseases?
Match the stages of inflammation with their descriptions:
Match the stages of inflammation with their descriptions:
What occurs if the body cannot rid itself of foreign antigens and antibiotics are not administered?
What occurs if the body cannot rid itself of foreign antigens and antibiotics are not administered?
Which characteristic is NOT typically associated with the chronic stage of inflammation?
Which characteristic is NOT typically associated with the chronic stage of inflammation?
Bacteremia is characterized by a rapid increase of bacteria in the blood, leading to a high fever and convulsions.
Bacteremia is characterized by a rapid increase of bacteria in the blood, leading to a high fever and convulsions.
What is the primary difference between bacteremia and septicemia regarding the presence of bacteria in the blood?
What is the primary difference between bacteremia and septicemia regarding the presence of bacteria in the blood?
A(n) ________ is a soft, round mass that can be felt with the fingers and may form during the resolution stage of inflammation.
A(n) ________ is a soft, round mass that can be felt with the fingers and may form during the resolution stage of inflammation.
Match each stage of advanced inflammation with its defining characteristic:
Match each stage of advanced inflammation with its defining characteristic:
What is a septic thrombus, and in which condition does it play a significant role?
What is a septic thrombus, and in which condition does it play a significant role?
The resolution stage of inflammation always results in a scar.
The resolution stage of inflammation always results in a scar.
Describe the progression of systemic infection from bacteremia to pyaemia, outlining the key changes and complications that occur at each stage.
Describe the progression of systemic infection from bacteremia to pyaemia, outlining the key changes and complications that occur at each stage.
Flashcards
Pathology
Pathology
The study of diseased or abnormal states in the body.
Anatomic Pathology
Anatomic Pathology
Deals with the examination of organs and tissues affected by disease, often visible to the naked eye.
Histopathology
Histopathology
The study of tissues at a microscopic level to identify signs of disease.
Cytopathology
Cytopathology
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Congenital Diseases
Congenital Diseases
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Acquired Diseases
Acquired Diseases
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Idiopathic Diseases
Idiopathic Diseases
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Inflammation Signs
Inflammation Signs
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Chronic Inflammation
Chronic Inflammation
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Resolution Stage
Resolution Stage
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Bacteraemia
Bacteraemia
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Septicaemia
Septicaemia
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Septicaemia Symptoms
Septicaemia Symptoms
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Pyaemia
Pyaemia
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Septic Thrombus Formation
Septic Thrombus Formation
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Septic Embolism
Septic Embolism
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Study Notes
- Pathology studies the different states of disease or illness
Anatomic Pathology
- Anatomic pathology diagnoses visible diseased states in organs or the body.
Histophathology
- Histology studies tissues
- Histopathology identifies pathological conditions by evaluating tissue cuts under a microscope
- Tissue cuts are analyzed under a microscope to study them
Cytopathology
- Cytology studies cells
- Cytopathology is used to diagnose pathological conditions of cells under a microscope
- Pap smears are a form of cytolopathology used to test for cancer
Disease Classification
- Congenital diseases are inborn, such as heart diseases, and can be transmitted through genes to offspring.
- Acquired diseases result from contracting in healthy person to a disease due to malnutrition, trauma, X-rays, pathogenic, microorganisms, or the body's degeneration
- Idiopathic diseases occur when the origin of a disease is unknown
Infection and Inflammation
- Infections start when contamination occurs with pathogenic microorganisms
- Inflammation results when the body cannot rid itself of foreign antigens without antibiotics being administered to counteract infection, or as a reaction of the body's tissues
Signs and Symptoms of Inflammation
- Redness
- Swelling
- Pain
- Area feels warm
- Loss of tissue function
Stages of Inflammation
- Acute inflammation occurs when there is an increase in micro-organisms, and the defense mechanisms are unable to offer resistance
- Sub-acute inflammation: is an intermediary state between acute and chronic inflammation, where healing may still occur or it may become chronic
- Chronic inflammation: occurs when inflammation stretches over a long period, and is characterized by chronic pus secretion, formation of connective tissue that results in a scar, or the forming of granulation tissue which leaves no scar but forms a granuloma
- Resolution stages: indicates that inflammation has completely healed however leaves either a scar, the presence of an erupted abscess or fistula, or an abscess with two openings
Complications of Inflammation
- Bacteraemia: is identified when bacteria is in the blood without signs of increasing which causes the patient to feel ill, listless, and may be feverish
- Septicaemia: is identified when there is an increase of bacteria in the blood, which can cause a high temperature above 38 degrees, with alternating bouts of sweating and shivering and potentially leading to convulsions and abscesses
- Pyaemia: Occurs when red and white blood cells are clogged together, infiltrated by many pathogenic microorganisms, forming a septic thrombus that breaks up leading to septic embolism, with resolution possible it is considered a dangerous state that may lead to death
Previous Exam Questions (November 2014) :
- Histopathology is thus the identification of pathological conditions by the study of tissue cuts under a microscope
- Granuloma is a soft, round mass which can be felt with the fingers
- Resolution stage refers to the recovering stage
Previous Exam Questions (June 2014) :
- Chronic Stage of Inflammation: Healing is very difficult but fails in some cases and characterized by chronic secretion of pus, the formation of connective tissue which results in a scar or forming of granulation tissue which also leaves no scar but forms a granuloma
Previous Exam Questions (November 2015) :
- Congenital illnesses are those you are born with
- Acute conditions are quick and dramatic till the end
Previous Exam Questions (June 2015) :
- Cytology is the study of cells
Previous Exam Questions (November 2018 and June 2018):
- Cronic stages in occur when inflammation is long duration
- Resolution may still occur but it is a very dangerous state and may results in death if not treated properly is relevant of Pyaemia
Previous Exam Questions (September 2020):
- Inflammation is a protective response to injury TRUE
Previous Exam Questions (November 2021):
- Septicaemia may be life-threatening TRUE
Previous Exam Questions (June 2021):
- Septicaemia is an infection of the blood stream or blood poisoning there is an increase of bacteria in the blood
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