Analog and Discrete Sensors in Engineering

Discrete and Analog Sensors

• Discrete inputs measure simple states, like equipment on/off or tripwire alarms.
• Analog sensors detect continuous changes in voltage or current input and measure complex situations.
• Analog sensors track factors like fluid levels, voltage levels, temperature, and more in a continuous range.

Threshold Alarms

• For analog factors, a normal range is defined by a bottom and top level.
• Threshold alarms trigger when values go above or below the normal range.
• Advanced systems have four threshold alarms: Major Under, Minor Under, Minor Over, and Major Over.

Data Communication

• In real-life systems, a communications network is needed to transport data from sensors to a central location.
• This technology is used in challenging applications where measurements are remote, under high temperature, or require immunity to electromagnetic interference.

Pressure Sensors

• Pressure sensors measure pressure, typically of gases or liquids, and act as transducers, generating an electrical signal.
• Pressure sensors are used in control and monitoring in thousands of everyday applications.
• They can indirectly measure fluid/gas flow, speed, water level, and altitude.

Applications of Pressure Sensors

• Pressure sensors are used in weather instrumentation, aircraft, cars, and machinery with pressure functionality.
• They are used in altitude sensing applications, such as aircraft, rockets, satellites, and weather balloons.
• Pressure sensors have many names, including pressure transducers, pressure transmitters, and piezometers.