202 T1 L21: Analgesia
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Questions and Answers

Which receptors do opioids act on?

  • MU 1 and 2 (correct)
  • OP1 Kappa
  • OP3 Delta
  • OP2

    • What are the side effects of opioids?

  • Constipation/Pruritis
  • Miosis
  • Respiratory Depression/Airway Loss (correct)
  • Nausea and Vomiting

    • Which receptors are antagonized by Naloxone?

  • OP3 Delta
  • OP1 Kappa
  • MU 1 and 2 (correct)
  • OP2

    • Which receptors are found in the Pons and Midbrain?

    <p>MU 1 and 2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of action of local anesthetics?

    <p>Na Channel Blockade</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are the opioid receptors located in the spinal cord?

    <p>Posterior Horn 1 and 2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the side effects of NSAIDs?

    <p>Gastric Irritation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main effect of aspirin?

    <p>Acetylsalycilic acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which neurotransmitter is inhibitory?

    <p>GABA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Ramsay Sedation Scale used for?

    <p>Measuring patient sedation level</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a definition of analgesia?

    <p>An unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about the gate theory of pain modulation?

    <p>Melzack and Wall proposed the gate theory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the text, what is the role of nociceptor C and A delta fibers in pain modification?

    <p>They allow pain to pass through the gate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the role of local anesthetics?

    <p>They block nerve conduction and provide analgesia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of action of local anesthetics?

    <p>Blocking of nerve conduction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the text, what is the role of local anesthetics in pain modification?

    <p>They prevent central passage of pain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about sedation?

    <p>It induces a state of calmness and relaxation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the text, what is the role of sedation in pain modification?

    <p>It prevents central passage of pain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about local anesthetics and sedation?

    <p>Local anesthetics and sedation both block nerve conduction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the text, what is the role of local anesthetics in pain management?

    <p>They block nerve conduction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about analgesia?

    <p>It is the process of relieving pain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main goal of analgesia?

    <p>To relieve pain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which population group may require less analgesia?

    <p>Children</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of local anesthetics in pain management?

    <p>To block nerve signals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common side effect of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)?

    <p>Gastrointestinal erosions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the common name for diamorphine, which is used as an analgesic in anesthesia?

    <p>Heroin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main concern with paracetamol overdose?

    <p>Liver damage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of action of paracetamol?

    <p>Unknown</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the text, what is the purpose of analgesia?

    <p>To control pain and provide relief</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the gate theory of pain?

    <p>A theory that explains the physiological mechanisms of pain modulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of opiate receptors in pain management?

    <p>To inhibit pain signals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of local anesthetics in pain management?

    <p>To block nerve signals and provide pain relief</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a potential side effect of strong opioids?

    <p>Respiratory depression</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common side effect of strong opioids?

    <p>Drowsiness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a major concern with the use of strong opioids?

    <p>Addiction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant adverse effect of strong opioids?

    <p>Constipation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about the role of local anesthetics in pain management?

    <p>Local anesthetics block the transmission of pain signals in the central nervous system.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main effect of opioids?

    <p>Opioids block the transmission of pain signals in the central nervous system.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of action of NSAIDs?

    <p>NSAIDs reduce inflammation in the body.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the role of sedation in pain modification?

    <p>Sedation reduces anxiety and promotes relaxation, which can help to alleviate pain.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the text, what is the role of analgesia in pain management?

    <p>To provide relief from pain without eliminating the sensation completely</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the ultimate way of getting rid of pain caused by appendicitis according to the text?

    <p>Taking the appendix out</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the text, what is the common myth about giving analgesia to patients before diagnosing the cause of pain?

    <p>Analgesia can mask the pain and make it difficult to diagnose the cause</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of using abbreviations in medical terminology according to the text?

    <p>To make communication easier and more efficient</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a potential side effect of opioid use?

    <p>Speech depression</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the locks and bolts mentioned in the text?

    <p>To control the distribution of opioids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for the introduction of locks and bolts in relation to opioid administration?

    <p>To deter theft</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Ramsay Sedation Scale used for?

    <p>Evaluating sedation levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of local anesthetics in pain management?

    <p>To block nerve signals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary effect of aspirin?

    <p>Inflammation reduction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Analgesia, Sedation, and Local Anaesthetics: A Comprehensive Overview by Dr. Jim Cooper

    • Pain is defined as an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage.
    • The Gate Theory of pain explains how pain signals are transmitted through C fibers and inhibited by A delta fibers and descending pathways in the central nervous system.
    • Pain can be modified through various methods, including the use of analgesics and anesthetics.
    • The pain ladder is a classification system for pain management, ranging from mild to severe, and includes the use of NSAIDs, weak opiates, and strong opiates.
    • Opioids act on opioid receptors, with different types of opioids including naturally occurring (e.g., morphine), semi-synthetic (e.g., diamorphine), and synthetic (e.g., fentanyl).
    • Opioid receptors are found in various locations, including the pons and midbrain, periaqueductal grey matter, spinal cord, and peripheral tissues.
    • Opioids can have side effects such as respiratory depression, nausea and vomiting, constipation, and miosis.
    • Naloxone is an important antidote for opioid overdose and should be used with caution.
    • Ketamine acts on NMDA receptors and kappa and delta receptors, and it can be used as an analgesic, local/general anesthetic, and sedative.
    • NSAIDs work by inhibiting cyclooxygenase 1 and 2 and have analgesic, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory effects, but they can also cause gastric irritation, bronchospasm, renal impairment, and platelet function.
    • Local anesthetics, such as lignocaine and bupivacaine, work by blocking sodium channels and can be administered in various locations, including the skin, subcutaneous tissue, brachial plexus, epidural space, and caudal space.
    • Local anesthetics can have side effects such as vascular and nerve toxicity, leading to dysrhythmias, cardiac depression, fitting/anxiety/loss of consciousness, and circumoral numbness. Treatment for toxicity includes ABC (airway, breathing, circulation), oxygen, and lipid 20%.

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    Related Documents

    Analgesia, Sedation, and Local Anaesthetics PDF

    Description

    Test your knowledge on analgesia, sedation, and local anesthetics with this quiz by Dr. Jim Cooper. Learn about the definitions, history, choice of drugs, mechanisms of action, and side effects associated with these topics.

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