47 Questions
Which route of administration is preferred for hospitalised patients?
Intravenous
Which opioid is known to cause significant histamine release when administered intravenously?
Pethidine
Which opioid is considered to have a lower risk of hypoventilation compared to methadone?
Buprenorphine
Which type of analgesic is approved for chronic use in dogs?
NSAIDs
Which drug is known to have an abuse potential when administered via a patch?
Fentanyl
Which opioid is highly potent and suitable for remote administration devices?
Fentanyl
Which NSAID tablet lasts for 2-4 weeks?
Mavacoxib
Which opioid is known to have a rapid onset of action and short duration when administered intravenously?
Fentanyl
Which opioid is highly potent and has a long duration of action when administered via a patch?
Fentanyl
Which type of drug is known to have a lower injection volume due to its potency?
Opioid
Which class of drugs can be utilized for pain relief, sedation, reducing the required dose of general anesthetic, treating diarrhea, and controlling coughing?
Opioid analgesics
What is the mechanism of action of NSAIDs?
Inhibit the production of prostaglandins and thromboxanes by cyclo-oxygenase enzymes
What are the contraindications for opioid analgesics?
Existing hypoventilation and elevated intracranial pressure
What is the new development in analgesia acting as an antagonist of prostaglandin E2 at EP4 receptors while sparing the production of 'physiological' prostaglandins, leading to fewer adverse effects?
Grapiprant
What do local anesthetics block to provide analgesia and antidysrhythmic action?
Sodium channels
Which class of drugs can lead to side effects such as dyspepsia, GIT ulceration, renal toxicity, and hepatic toxicity?
NSAIDs
What is the main effect of opioid analgesics on neuronal excitability?
Reduce neuronal excitability
What are the indications for NSAIDs?
Pain management, management of inflammatory disorders, antipyretic agents
What are the subclasses of NSAIDs?
Salicylic acids, para-aminophenol, pyrazolones, oxicams, propionic acids
How can local anesthetics be utilized?
Topical application, infiltration, instillation into a cavity or wound
What does the acronym NSAIDs stand for?
Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs
What is the mechanism of action of local anesthetics for providing analgesia?
Blocking calcium channels
Which subclass of NSAIDs includes drugs like aspirin?
Salicylic acids
Which effect is NOT associated with opioid analgesics?
Anticoagulation
What is the primary target of NSAIDs' inhibitory action?
Prostaglandins
Which receptor type do opioid analgesics activate to reduce neuronal excitability?
Mu, delta, and kappa opioid receptors
Which condition is a contraindication for the use of opioid analgesics?
Elevated intracranial pressure
What is the primary reason for the development of Grapiprant as a new analgesic?
Reducing gastrointestinal side effects
Which effect is NOT a potential side effect of NSAIDs?
Cardiotoxicity
What is the primary indication for the use of NSAIDs?
Analgesia
Which opioid receptor type is associated with respiratory depression when activated?
Mu opioid receptor
Which class of drugs is most likely to have predictable differences in analgesic efficacy based on the type of receptor agonist?
Opioids
Which opioid is considered to be more effective than buprenorphine?
Methadone
Which type of NSAID is less likely to cause gastrointestinal ulceration than non-selective COX inhibitors?
Specific COX-2 inhibitors
Which opioid is included in Schedule 3 of controlled drugs?
Buprenorphine
Which route of administration is preferred for hospitalised patients requiring analgesics?
Injection (IV, IM, SC)
Which opioid is well absorbed through feline buccal mucous membranes?
Buprenorphine
Which opioid patch has a long duration of action but may have problems with adhesion and abuse potential?
Fentanyl patch
Which NSAID is available as granules added to feed, oral pastes & suspensions, and palatable/chewable tablets?
Mavacoxib
Which opioid is known for its rapid onset of action and short duration when administered intravenously?
Fentanyl
Why is it important to consider the potency of opioids?
Potent drugs have low injection volume
Which type of drug is known to have a lower injection volume due to its potency?
Highly potent opioids
What is the new development in analgesia acting as an antagonist of prostaglandin E2 at EP4 receptors while sparing the production of 'physiological' prostaglandins, leading to fewer adverse effects?
NSAIDs
Which class of drugs can be utilized for pain relief, sedation, reducing the required dose of general anesthetic, treating diarrhea, and controlling coughing?
Opioids
What is the mechanism of action of NSAIDs?
Inhibition of cyclooxygenase enzymes
Which opioid is known to have a rapid onset of action and short duration when administered intravenously?
Fentanyl
What do local anesthetics block to provide analgesia and antidysrhythmic action?
Sodium channels
Study Notes
Understanding Analgesia: Opioids, NSAIDs, and Local Anesthetics
- Analgesia is not just the absence of pain but also a reduction in perceived pain.
- Classes of analgesic drugs include opioids, NSAIDs, local anesthetics, alpha2-agonists, and ketamine.
- Opioid analgesics activate mu, delta, and kappa opioid receptors to reduce neuronal excitability, leading to effects such as analgesia, sedation, euphoria/dysphoria, respiratory depression, and reduced gut motility.
- Opioid analgesics are indicated for pain relief, sedation, reducing the required dose of general anesthetic, treating diarrhea, and controlling coughing.
- Contraindications for opioid analgesics include existing hypoventilation and elevated intracranial pressure.
- NSAIDs inhibit the production of prostaglandins and thromboxanes by cyclo-oxygenase enzymes, providing analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects but may lead to side effects such as dyspepsia, GIT ulceration, renal toxicity, and hepatic toxicity.
- NSAIDs are indicated for pain management, management of inflammatory disorders, antipyretic agents, management of endotoxemia, and management of pro-thrombotic states.
- Contraindications for NSAIDs include gastrointestinal tract disease, acute or chronic renal disease, impaired hepatic function, and haemostatic disorders.
- There are various subclasses of NSAIDs, including salicylic acids, para-aminophenol, pyrazolones, oxicams, and propionic acids.
- NSAIDs can be categorized according to their selectivity for COX-2, with non-selective COX inhibitors, preferential COX-2 inhibitors, and specific COX-2 inhibitors.
- Grapiprant is a new development in analgesia, acting as an antagonist of prostaglandin E2 at EP4 receptors while sparing the production of "physiological" prostaglandins, leading to fewer adverse effects.
- Local anesthetics block sodium channels, preventing the initiation and conduction of action potentials, providing analgesia and antidysrhythmic action, but may lead to CNS and CVS toxicity. They can be utilized through various techniques such as topical application, infiltration, and instillation into a cavity or wound.
Understanding Analgesia: Opioids, NSAIDs, and Local Anesthetics
- Analgesia is not just the absence of pain but also a reduction in perceived pain.
- Classes of analgesic drugs include opioids, NSAIDs, local anesthetics, alpha2-agonists, and ketamine.
- Opioid analgesics activate mu, delta, and kappa opioid receptors to reduce neuronal excitability, leading to effects such as analgesia, sedation, euphoria/dysphoria, respiratory depression, and reduced gut motility.
- Opioid analgesics are indicated for pain relief, sedation, reducing the required dose of general anesthetic, treating diarrhea, and controlling coughing.
- Contraindications for opioid analgesics include existing hypoventilation and elevated intracranial pressure.
- NSAIDs inhibit the production of prostaglandins and thromboxanes by cyclo-oxygenase enzymes, providing analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects but may lead to side effects such as dyspepsia, GIT ulceration, renal toxicity, and hepatic toxicity.
- NSAIDs are indicated for pain management, management of inflammatory disorders, antipyretic agents, management of endotoxemia, and management of pro-thrombotic states.
- Contraindications for NSAIDs include gastrointestinal tract disease, acute or chronic renal disease, impaired hepatic function, and haemostatic disorders.
- There are various subclasses of NSAIDs, including salicylic acids, para-aminophenol, pyrazolones, oxicams, and propionic acids.
- NSAIDs can be categorized according to their selectivity for COX-2, with non-selective COX inhibitors, preferential COX-2 inhibitors, and specific COX-2 inhibitors.
- Grapiprant is a new development in analgesia, acting as an antagonist of prostaglandin E2 at EP4 receptors while sparing the production of "physiological" prostaglandins, leading to fewer adverse effects.
- Local anesthetics block sodium channels, preventing the initiation and conduction of action potentials, providing analgesia and antidysrhythmic action, but may lead to CNS and CVS toxicity. They can be utilized through various techniques such as topical application, infiltration, and instillation into a cavity or wound.
Test your knowledge of analgesia with this quiz covering opioids, NSAIDs, and local anesthetics. Explore the mechanisms of action, indications, contraindications, and subclasses of these important classes of analgesic drugs.
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