34 Questions
Which type of block is useful for rib fractures or thoracostomy?
Intercostal
What is the main concern when using local anaesthetics for small animals?
Potential toxicity
Which local anaesthetic is commonly used for small animals?
Lidocaine
Why is bupivacaine justified for use in small animals?
Longer duration of action
What can cause toxicity problems when using local anaesthetics?
Systemic absorption
What are soca catheters used for?
Prolonged release of local anaesthetic
Which type of block can be used to anesthetize the hind limbs of small animals?
Epidural
Which technique can be used to confirm accurate placement of local anaesthetic?
Nerve locator technique
What is the purpose of a peribulbar block?
To inject local anaesthetic around the eye
Which technique can be used to provide distal limb analgesia?
Lidocaine infusion
Which species is Lidocaine infusion often used in for laparotomies?
Horses
What is a potential complication of local anaesthetic overdose?
All of the above
What can be administered in case of local anaesthetic overdose?
Lipid
What is one way to prevent local anaesthetic toxicity?
Always aspirate before injections
What is the purpose of a nerve locator technique?
To confirm accurate placement of local anaesthetic
What is the advantage of using ultrasound-guided techniques for local anaesthetic administration?
Improved accuracy in depositing local anaesthetic
Which species is the IVRA toe amputation technique commonly used in?
Cattle
What is the purpose of using Lidocaine as a constant rate infusion?
To provide whole-body analgesia
Why is Lidocaine infusion often used in equine laparotomies?
It reduces the amount of volatile agent needed
What is a potential complication of local anaesthetic overdose?
Arrhythmias
What can be administered as an emergency treatment for local anaesthetic overdose?
Lipid
What human factor can be prevented in order to reduce the risk of anaesthetic toxicity?
Calculating doses carefully
Which of the following accurately describes the therapeutic window of local anaesthetics?
The therapeutic window of local anaesthetics is narrow, meaning that the effective dose is close to the toxic dose.
Which of the following local anaesthetics is commonly used for small animals?
Lidocaine
Which local anaesthetic is reserved for use in cattle?
Procaine
Why is bupivacaine not licensed for use in small animals?
Bupivacaine is not licensed, but can be used under the cascade system due to its longer duration of action compared to Lidocaine.
Which type of block is useful for chest drain placement after thoracotomy?
Intrapleural block
What is the purpose of using nerve locators when performing nerve blocks?
All of the above
What are soca catheters used for?
To continuously deliver local anaesthetic over a prolonged period of time
What are the advantages of using nerve locator devices for local anaesthetic administration?
Nerve locator devices provide a simple and accurate way to confirm accurate placement of local anaesthetic. They use a hollow needle with a current passing through it to locate nerves, causing muscle twitching when closer to the nerve.
What is the purpose of using Lidocaine as a constant rate infusion?
Lidocaine can be used as a constant rate infusion to provide whole-body analgesia. It reduces the amount of volatile agent needed to keep the animal anesthetized and can be used intraoperatively and postoperatively.
What is the technique of IVRA toe amputation commonly used for?
The technique of IVRA toe amputation is commonly used in cattle for claw amputation. It involves placing a cannula in the vein of the distal limb, desanguinating the limb, and then injecting local anaesthetic.
What are the potential complications of local anaesthetic overdose?
Potential complications of local anaesthetic overdose include airway control issues, seizures, arrhythmias, and local anaesthetic toxicity. Lipid administration can be used as an emergency treatment for local anaesthetic overdose.
Why are epidurals likely to become less common in the future?
Epidurals are likely to become less common in the future due to the availability of nerve locator devices, which provide a simpler and more accurate way to administer local anaesthetic.
Study Notes
Local Anaesthetics
- Interpleural block is useful for rib fractures or thoracostomy.
- The main concern when using local anaesthetics for small animals is toxicity.
- Lidocaine is commonly used for small animals.
- Bupivacaine is justified for use in small animals due to its longer duration of action and higher potency compared to Lidocaine.
Local Anaesthetic Complications
- Toxicity problems can occur when using local anaesthetics due to overdose, rapid absorption, or high doses.
- Soca catheters are used for continuous peripheral nerve blocks.
- Sciatic nerve block can be used to anesthetize the hind limbs of small animals.
- The technique of aspiration and injection can be used to confirm accurate placement of local anaesthetic.
Regional Anaesthesia Techniques
- The purpose of a peribulbar block is to anesthetize the eye.
- Peripheral nerve block can be used to provide distal limb analgesia.
- Lidocaine infusion is often used in dogs for laparotomies.
- IVRA toe amputation technique is commonly used in small animals.
- Lidocaine constant rate infusion is used to provide analgesia and reduce inflammation.
Local Anaesthetic Toxicity Prevention
- One way to prevent local anaesthetic toxicity is to use a test dose and carefully calculate the dose.
- In case of local anaesthetic overdose, diazepam or barbiturates can be administered as an emergency treatment.
- Human factor errors, such as miscalculation or miscommunication, can be prevented to reduce the risk of anaesthetic toxicity.
Ultrasound-Guided Techniques
- The advantage of using ultrasound-guided techniques for local anaesthetic administration is improved accuracy and reduced complications.
- Nerve locator technique is used to accurately locate nerves and guide local anaesthetic administration.
- The purpose of using nerve locators is to ensure accurate placement of local anaesthetic and prevent toxicity.
Epidurals and Local Anaesthetics
- Xylazine and Lidocaine are commonly used local anaesthetics for cattle.
- Bupivacaine is not licensed for use in small animals due to its potential toxicity.
- Epidurals are likely to become less common in the future due to the development of ultrasound-guided techniques and peripheral nerve blocks.
Test your knowledge on local blocks for small animals in this quiz. Learn about the therapeutic window of local anaesthetics and the importance of careful dosing. Explore the process of injecting local anaesthetics near nerves and their interaction within the body.
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