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Questions and Answers
What is the primary drug class of Acepromazine?
What is the primary drug class of Acepromazine?
Which drug is known as a competitive reversal agent for α2- adrenergic receptors?
Which drug is known as a competitive reversal agent for α2- adrenergic receptors?
What is the main mode of action for Medetomidine?
What is the main mode of action for Medetomidine?
What effect does Acepromazine have on CNS activity?
What effect does Acepromazine have on CNS activity?
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Which drug is used as a tranquilizer and anesthetic in veterinary medicine?
Which drug is used as a tranquilizer and anesthetic in veterinary medicine?
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What initial effect does Medetomidine have on blood pressure?
What initial effect does Medetomidine have on blood pressure?
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What type of agent is Tiletamine classified as?
What type of agent is Tiletamine classified as?
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What is the effect of Acepromazine on muscular relaxation?
What is the effect of Acepromazine on muscular relaxation?
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What is a primary indication for using sedation?
What is a primary indication for using sedation?
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Which of the following is a potential side effect of certain anesthetics?
Which of the following is a potential side effect of certain anesthetics?
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What type of patients should anesthetics be used cautiously in?
What type of patients should anesthetics be used cautiously in?
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What effect does sedation have on reflexes?
What effect does sedation have on reflexes?
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Which patient condition is a contraindication for using anesthetics?
Which patient condition is a contraindication for using anesthetics?
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Which of the following side effects is NOT commonly associated with anesthetics?
Which of the following side effects is NOT commonly associated with anesthetics?
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What is a potential risk when using anesthetics in dogs with MDR1 mutations?
What is a potential risk when using anesthetics in dogs with MDR1 mutations?
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Which of the following describes reversible effects in anesthetics?
Which of the following describes reversible effects in anesthetics?
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What condition should NOT be a concern when administering anesthesia to normally healthy animals?
What condition should NOT be a concern when administering anesthesia to normally healthy animals?
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Which of the following is NOT a side effect of certain anesthetic agents?
Which of the following is NOT a side effect of certain anesthetic agents?
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Study Notes
Anaesthetic Drugs - Key Facts
- Acepromazine: Phenothiazine drug; dopamine receptor antagonist in the CNS; associated with muscle relaxation, sedation, and reducing spontaneous activity
- Midazolam: Benzodiazepine drug; CNS depressant; generally used for premedication prior to general anaesthetics; causes muscle relaxation and sedation
- Medetomidine: α2-adrenergic agonist; causes a decrease in blood pressure and heart rate initially when injected; reversal agent is available
- Atipamezole: α2-adrenergic antagonist; used to reverse the sedative effects of α2-adrenergic agonists
Tiletamine-Zolazepam:
- Tiletamine-Zolazepam: NMDA antagonist and benzodiazepine; combination drug used for short, minor, painful procedures; provides disassociative anaesthesia
Phenothiazine Drug Effects
- Acepromazine (Acepromazine): Contraindicated in patients with hepatic (liver) and cardiac disease; can cause decreased tear production in cats
- Acepromazine: Cautious use in aggressive animals as it can worsen aggression in some cases; dogs with MDR1 mutation have a more profound sedation response
Benzodiazepine Drug Effects
- Midazolam (Midazolam): Cautious use in sick or debilitated animals; can cause excitability in cats
α2-Adrenergic Agonist Drug Effects
- Medetomidine (Domitor): Not recommended for use in pregnant or lactating animals; caution in elderly or debilitated animals; can cause vomiting and tremors in some animals
α2-Adrenergic Antagonist Drug Effects
- Atipamezole (Antisedan): Used as a reversal agent for α2-adrenergic agonists
NMDA Antagonist & Benzodiazepine Drug Effects
- Tiletamine-Zolazepam (Zoletil): Contraindicated in patients with pancreatic disease, renal disease, severe cardiac or respiratory disease; caution in pregnant animals; can cause ptyalism (hypersalivation) and respiratory depression
Important Considerations
- Reversal: Reversal agents are available for α2-adrenergic agonists but not for phenothiazines, benzodiazepines, or tiletamine-zolazepam
- Dosage: Most animals will require lower doses of anaesthetics than humans. It is important to consult veterinary literature for proper dosing.
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Description
This quiz covers essential facts about various anaesthetic drugs including Acepromazine, Midazolam, and Tiletamine-Zolazepam. It explores their classifications, effects, and any contraindications associated with their use. Test your knowledge and understanding of these important pharmaceutical agents used in anaesthesia.
