T1 L20: Anaesthetic Drugs (DMcD)
46 Questions
3 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

Which of the following is a definition of anaesthesia?

  • A defect of sensation
  • A state of tranquillization
  • A reversible drug induced absence of sensation and awareness (correct)
  • A state of coma

    • What is the order of depression of the brain caused by lipid soluble anaesthetic agents?

  • Midbrain, Spinal cord, Medulla, Cortex
  • Spinal cord, Medulla, Cortex, Midbrain
  • Cortex, Midbrain, Spinal cord, Medulla (correct)
  • Medulla, Cortex, Midbrain, Spinal cord

    • Which of the following is NOT a method of administering anaesthesia?

  • Inhalation
  • Intravenous
  • Oral (correct)
  • Topical

    • What was the first inhalational anaesthetic discovered?

    <p>Nitrous Oxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main mechanism of action of anaesthetics on cell membranes?

    <p>Modulation of ligand gated ion channels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which receptors are stimulated by anaesthetics to produce hyperpolarization?

    <p>GABAA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a common method of inducing anaesthesia?

    <p>Excitation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a muscle relaxant used in anaesthesia?

    <p>Vecuronium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of balanced anaesthesia?

    <p>To minimize side effects of anaesthesia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which inhalational agent has the highest blood:gas solubility?

    <p>Halothane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which inhalational agent is the least irritating to the airway?

    <p>Sevoflurane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which inhalational agent is the most expensive?

    <p>Desflurane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which inhalational agent has the highest MAC (Minimum Alveolar Concentration)?

    <p>Isoflurane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which inhalational agent has the highest environmental impact?

    <p>Desflurane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which intravenous induction agent has the shortest half-life?

    <p>Etomidate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which intravenous induction agent has anti-emetic properties?

    <p>Propofol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which intravenous induction agent is painful to inject?

    <p>Thiopentone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscle relaxant is classified as a depolarizing agent?

    <p>Suxamethonium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscle relaxant is classified as a non-depolarizing agent?

    <p>Rocuronium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the text, what percentage of all hospital doctors are anaesthetists?

    <p>20%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who discovered nitrous oxide in 1772?

    <p>Joseph Priestley</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main use of nitrous oxide in hospitals?

    <p>As an analgesic agent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who gave the first recognized case of true anesthesia in 1846?

    <p>William Morton</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the first inhalational agent used for anesthesia?

    <p>Aether</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the primary mechanism of action of anaesthetic agents on cell membranes?

    <p>Interaction with membrane proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are anaesthetic agents typically administered?

    <p>Inhalation or injection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which receptor type is stimulated by anaesthetic agents to produce hyperpolarization?

    <p>Inhibitory receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most important drug in anaesthesia?

    <p>Oxygen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which gas is commonly used in anaesthesia and is stored in black cylinders with a white shoulder?

    <p>Oxygen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum concentration of nitrous oxide that can be given in a mixture with oxygen?

    <p>80%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the concept that gives an idea of the potency of an anaesthetic agent?

    <p>Mac</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the minimum alveolar concentration required to stop 50% of people reacting to an incision?

    <p>50%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which course was originally called the Ace Course and included anaesthesia critical care and emergency medicine?

    <p>The Clinical Foundation course</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of simulation in medical teaching?

    <p>To practice different medical activities on mannequins and dummies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the average number of pharmacological agents in a balanced anaesthetic?

    <p>10 to 12</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the simplest definition of anaesthesia according to the Oxford Dictionary in 1751?

    <p>A defect of sensation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of anaesthesia?

    <p>It is caused by a drug</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a stage of anaesthesia described in the text?

    <p>Relaxation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between sedation and anaesthesia?

    <p>Sedation allows for easy awakening, while anaesthesia does not</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a method of administering anaesthesia described in the text?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about nitrous oxide is correct?

    <p>Nitrous oxide should not be used in cases with air-filled spaces</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an important characteristic of anaesthetic agents?

    <p>They reduce the capacity to breathe and affect the cardiovascular system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are most anaesthetic agents considered dangerous?

    <p>They reduce the capacity to breathe and affect the cardiovascular system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an important phrase associated with anaesthesia?

    <p>Cardiorespiratory depressant</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a potential side effect of using nitrous oxide?

    <p>Neuropathic pain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a rare characteristic of inhalational agents?

    <p>Quick onset and offset</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Definition and Nature of Anaesthesia

    • Anaesthesia is defined as a state that prevents pain during surgery or medical procedures.
    • The simplest definition of anaesthesia, according to the Oxford Dictionary in 1751, refers to the loss of sensation or awareness.

    Order of Depression of the Brain

    • Lipid-soluble anaesthetic agents induce a specific order of brain depression, impacting higher functions before lower functions.

    Methods of Administration

    • Common methods of administering anaesthesia include inhalation, intravenous, and regional techniques.
    • An option mentioned is NOT considered a method of administering anaesthesia.

    Inhalational Anaesthetics

    • The first discovered inhalational anaesthetic was nitrous oxide in 1772.
    • Halothane is reported to have the highest blood:gas solubility.
    • Nitrous oxide is the least irritating to the airway and commonly used in hospitals.
    • Isoflurane is the most expensive inhalational agent.
    • Desflurane has the highest Minimum Alveolar Concentration (MAC) and the most significant environmental impact.
    • The maximum concentration of nitrous oxide that can be administered with oxygen is 70%.

    Mechanisms of Action

    • The primary mechanism of action of anaesthetics on cell membranes involves modulation of ion channels.
    • Anaesthetic agents stimulate GABA receptors to produce hyperpolarization and inhibit the excitatory effects of neurotransmitters.

    Muscle Relaxants

    • Succinylcholine is a depolarizing muscle relaxant.
    • Rocuronium is an example of a non-depolarizing muscle relaxant.

    Intravenous Induction Agents

    • Propofol is known as the intravenous induction agent with the shortest half-life and has anti-emetic properties.
    • A common side effect of certain intravenous induction agents includes pain upon injection.

    Anaesthesia Practices and Statistics

    • Approximately 10% of all hospital doctors are anaesthetists.
    • The first recognized case of true anaesthesia occurred in 1846 by William Morton.
    • The average balanced anaesthetic comprises about five pharmacological agents.

    Role of Simulation

    • Simulation in medical teaching is essential for providing realistic, hands-on training and enhancing clinical skills.

    Characteristics and Risks of Anaesthesia

    • Most anaesthetics are considered dangerous due to their potent effects on respiratory and cardiovascular systems.
    • A rare characteristic of inhalational agents includes the ability to create a minimal effect on cardiac rhythm.

    Additional Points

    • The concept associated with anaesthetic potency is expressed as Minimum Alveolar Concentration (MAC).
    • The primary difference between sedation and anaesthesia is the level of consciousness and responsiveness.

    Studying That Suits You

    Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

    Quiz Team

    Related Documents

    T1 L20. Anaesthetic Drugs (DMcD).ppt

    Description

    Test your knowledge on anaesthetic agents and their role in anaesthesia with this quiz. Explore topics such as the history of anaesthesia, how anaesthetics work, inhalational and intravenous agents, muscle relaxants, and balanced anaesthesia. Challenge yourself and become an expert in the field of anaesthesia.

    More Like This

    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Open
    Browser
    Browser