Anabolic Effect on Muscles: Glucose Storage
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is the MAIN mechanism by which insulin promotes muscle growth?

  • Increasing amino acid uptake and protein synthesis (correct)
  • Stimulating glycogen synthesis
  • Enhancing glucose uptake by muscle cells
  • Inhibiting lipolysis and promoting fatty acid synthesis

How does insulin inhibit the process of lipolysis?

  • By stimulating the breakdown of triglycerides into fatty acids and glycerol
  • By decreasing the availability of fatty acids as a fuel source for muscle cells
  • By promoting the incorporation of fatty acids and triglycerides into VLDL particles
  • By inhibiting the enzymes involved in the breakdown of triglycerides (correct)

What is the PRIMARY effect of insulin on glucose metabolism in the liver?

  • Stimulating glycogen synthesis
  • Promoting glycolysis and ATP production
  • Increasing gluconeogenesis
  • Decreasing the synthesis of ketone bodies (correct)

Which of the following is the MAIN mechanism by which insulin promotes lipogenesis in adipose tissue?

<p>Stimulating the conversion of glucose to glycerol and fatty acids (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does insulin affect the process of gluconeogenesis in the liver?

<p>Insulin inhibits gluconeogenesis, decreasing the production of glucose from non-carbohydrate precursors (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following tissues is the MOST sensitive to the effects of insulin on glucose metabolism?

<p>Skeletal muscle (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary effect of insulin on glucose metabolism in the body?

<p>Facilitates glucose entry into cells (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is not an effect of insulin on protein metabolism?

<p>Increases gluconeogenesis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does insulin affect lipid metabolism?

<p>Inhibits lipolysis and promotes lipogenesis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism by which insulin stimulates glycogenesis (glycogen synthesis) in the liver?

<p>Both a and b (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the most accurate description of the biphasic kinetics of insulin secretion?

<p>Rapid initial release of insulin, followed by a slower, sustained release (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do sulfonylureas, such as glipizide, affect insulin release from pancreatic beta cells?

<p>Sulfonylureas stimulate acute insulin release (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about insulin's effects on glucose metabolism is correct?

<p>Insulin stimulates glycogen synthesis and glucose oxidation in skeletal muscle. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary effect of insulin on protein metabolism?

<p>Insulin stimulates protein synthesis and inhibits protein degradation. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes insulin's effect on lipid metabolism?

<p>Insulin stimulates lipogenesis (fat synthesis) in the liver. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does insulin affect glycogen metabolism in the liver?

<p>Insulin stimulates glycogen synthesis and inhibits glycogenolysis. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of insulin in regulating blood glucose levels?

<p>Insulin decreases blood glucose levels by promoting glucose uptake and utilization by cells. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes the biphasic kinetics of insulin secretion?

<p>The acute phase involves a rapid release of insulin, followed by a sustained release in the chronic phase. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Insulin's Role in Muscle Growth

Insulin promotes muscle growth by increasing the uptake of amino acids and boosting protein synthesis.

Insulin and Lipolysis

Insulin inhibits lipolysis by blocking the enzymes that break down triglycerides.

Insulin's Impact on Ketone Production

Insulin primarily lowers ketone body production in the liver.

Insulin and Fat Storage

Insulin promotes lipogenesis in adipose tissue by stimulating the conversion of glucose into glycerol and fatty acids.

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Insulin and Gluconeogenesis

Insulin suppresses gluconeogenesis in the liver, decreasing glucose production from non-carbohydrate sources.

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Insulin's Target Tissue

Skeletal muscle is highly sensitive to insulin's effects on glucose metabolism.

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Insulin and Glucose Uptake

Insulin's primary effect on glucose metabolism is to facilitate glucose entry into cells.

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Insulin and Gluconeogenesis

Insulin does not increase gluconeogenesis.

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Insulin's Role in Lipid Metabolism

Insulin influences lipid metabolism by inhibiting lipolysis (fat breakdown) and promoting lipogenesis (fat synthesis).

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Insulin and Glycogen Synthesis

Insulin stimulates glycogenesis (glycogen synthesis) in the liver by activating enzymes that drive glycogen formation.

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Biphasic Insulin Secretion

Insulin secretion occurs in two phases: a rapid initial release followed by a slower, sustained release.

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Sulfonylurea Action

Sulfonylureas like glipizide stimulate acute insulin release from pancreatic beta cells.

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Insulin's Action in Skeletal Muscle

Insulin promotes glycogen synthesis and glucose oxidation in skeletal muscle.

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Insulin's Role in Protein Metabolism

Insulin's primary effect on protein metabolism is to stimulate protein synthesis and inhibit protein degradation.

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Insulin and Fat Synthesis

Insulin stimulates lipogenesis (fat synthesis) in the liver.

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Insulin and Liver Glycogen

Insulin stimulates glycogen synthesis and inhibits glycogenolysis (glycogen breakdown) in the liver.

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Insulin's Role in Blood Glucose Regulation

Insulin's primary role in blood glucose regulation is to lower blood glucose by promoting glucose uptake and utilization by cells.

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Biphasic Insulin Secretion

Insulin secretion exhibits biphasic kinetics, characterized by a rapid initial release (acute phase) followed by a sustained release (chronic phase).

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