Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) Quiz

Also known as Lou Gehrig's disease
Progressive neurological disease that affects nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord
Characterized by:
- Muscle weakness
- Muscle wasting
- Fasciculations (muscle twitching)
- Cramping
- Difficulty with speech, swallowing, and breathing
Causes:
- Genetic mutations (5-10% of cases)
- Environmental factors (e.g., exposure to toxins)
- Unknown causes (majority of cases)
Diagnosis:
- Electromyography (EMG) to measure muscle activity
- Nerve conduction studies (NCS) to assess nerve function
- Blood tests to rule out other conditions
No cure, but treatment focuses on managing symptoms and improving quality of life

Chronic and progressive neurological disorder affecting movement
Characterized by:
- Tremors (resting tremor)
- Rigidity (stiffness)
- Bradykinesia (slowness of movement)
- Postural instability
Causes:
- Degeneration of dopamine-producing neurons in the brain
- Genetic mutations (some cases)
Diagnosis:
- Clinical evaluation of symptoms
- Medical history and physical examination
- Imaging tests (e.g., MRI) to rule out other conditions
Treatment:
- Dopamine replacement therapy (e.g., levodopa)
- Deep brain stimulation
- Lifestyle modifications (e.g., exercise, physical therapy)

Chronic and often disabling autoimmune disease affecting the central nervous system
Characterized by:
- Vision problems (e.g., blurred vision, double vision)
- Weakness, numbness, or tingling in limbs
- Fatigue
- Cognitive impairment
Causes:
- Immune system mistakenly attacks and damages myelin sheath (protective covering of nerve fibers)
- Genetic and environmental factors contribute to risk
Diagnosis:
- Clinical evaluation of symptoms
- Imaging tests (e.g., MRI) to visualize lesions
- Lumbar puncture to analyze cerebrospinal fluid
Treatment:
- Disease-modifying therapies (e.g., interferons, glatiramer acetate) to slow disease progression
- Symptomatic therapies (e.g., pain relief, muscle relaxants)
- Lifestyle modifications (e.g., exercise, stress management)

Also known as Lou Gehrig's disease, a progressive neurological disease affecting nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord
Characterized by muscle weakness, muscle wasting, fasciculations, cramping, and difficulty with speech, swallowing, and breathing
Caused by genetic mutations (5-10% of cases), environmental factors, and unknown causes (majority of cases)
Diagnosed through electromyography, nerve conduction studies, and blood tests to rule out other conditions
No cure, but treatment focuses on managing symptoms and improving quality of life

A chronic and progressive neurological disorder affecting movement, characterized by tremors, rigidity, bradykinesia, and postural instability
Caused by degeneration of dopamine-producing neurons in the brain, with some cases linked to genetic mutations
Diagnosed through clinical evaluation, medical history, physical examination, and imaging tests to rule out other conditions
Treated with dopamine replacement therapy, deep brain stimulation, and lifestyle modifications

A chronic and often disabling autoimmune disease affecting the central nervous system, characterized by vision problems, weakness, numbness, or tingling in limbs, fatigue, and cognitive impairment
Caused by the immune system mistakenly attacking and damaging the myelin sheath, with genetic and environmental factors contributing to risk
Diagnosed through clinical evaluation, imaging tests, and lumbar puncture to analyze cerebrospinal fluid
Treated with disease-modifying therapies, symptomatic therapies, and lifestyle modifications to slow disease progression and manage symptoms

8 Questions