Amsco APUSH Chapter 25

Questions and Answers

What was the Good Neighbor policy?

FDR's foreign policy of promoting better relations with Latin America by using economic influence rather than military force.

What did the Pan-American conferences achieve?

The U.S. pledged to never again intervene in internal Latin American affairs.

When was the Soviet Union recognized by the U.S.?

1933

What was the Tydings-McDuffie Act?

It granted independence to the Philippines and provided for the gradual removal of U.S. presence. Signup and view all the answers

What did reciprocal trade agreements do?

Allowed FDR to lower tariffs up to 50% for nations that reduced tariffs on U.S. imports. Signup and view all the answers

What happened when Japan took Manchuria?

Japan defied the open-door policy and the League of Nations. Signup and view all the answers

What is the Stimson Doctrine?

It stated that the U.S. would not recognize territorial changes established by force, specifically regarding Manchukuo. Signup and view all the answers

What is fascism?

The idea that people should glorify their nation and race through aggressive use of force. Signup and view all the answers

Who was Benito Mussolini?

The leader of the Italian Fascist party. Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the Italian invasion of Ethiopia in 1935?

Italy gained control of Ethiopia despite objections from the League of Nations and the U.S. Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of the Munich Conference in 1938?

European leaders attempted to appease Hitler by allowing him to take the Sudetenland. Signup and view all the answers

What does 'blitzkrieg' refer to?

A type of warfare involving fast-moving tanks and airpower. Signup and view all the answers

What were the Neutrality Acts?

Laws aimed at preventing U.S. involvement in foreign conflicts. Signup and view all the answers

Who was Charles Lindbergh?

A prominent voice for isolationists and an effective speaker for the America First Committee. Signup and view all the answers

What did FDR's quarantine speech advocate?

It proposed that democracies act together to isolate aggressor nations. Signup and view all the answers

What was the purpose of the Lend-Lease Act?

To allow Britain to obtain U.S. arms on credit. Signup and view all the answers

What event occurred on December 7, 1941?

The Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor. Signup and view all the answers

What was the Manhattan Project?

A secret project aimed at developing the atomic bomb. Signup and view all the answers

What was the Holocaust?

The genocide in which six million Jews and millions of others were killed during WWII. Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of D-Day?

Allied troops landed in Normandy to kickstart the liberation of Western Europe. Signup and view all the answers

What does 'island-hopping' refer to?

The American strategy of capturing strategic islands in the Pacific from Japan. Signup and view all the answers

Who was J. Robert Oppenheimer?

The physicist who led the Manhattan Project. Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the Battles of Midway?

The U.S. forces destroyed four Japanese carriers and ended Japanese expansion. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Foreign Policy and Relations

Good Neighbor Policy aimed to improve relations with Latin America through economic influence rather than military force.
Pan-American Conferences led to a pledge in 1933 not to intervene in Latin American internal affairs and a 1936 warning against German aggression in the hemisphere.
The U.S. recognized the Soviet Union in 1933, enhancing trade and economic relations.
Tydings-McDuffie Act of 1934 granted independence to the Philippines with a gradual U.S. withdrawal due to governance costs.
Reciprocal Trade Agreements allowed tariff reductions to boost international trade, enabling FDR to lower tariffs by up to 50% for cooperating nations.

Rise of Fascism and Aggression

Japan's invasion of Manchuria in 1931 violated the open-door policy and the League of Nations' authority, resulting in Japan's withdrawal from the League.
The Stimson Doctrine asserted the U.S.'s refusal to recognize territories gained by force, echoing the League's condemnation of Japan.
Fascism emerged with a focus on nationalism and militarism, gaining traction in Italy under Benito Mussolini, who invaded Ethiopia in 1935 despite international objections.
The German Nazi Party, rising from post-WWI economic despair, exploited anti-Semitism and nationalistic fervor under Adolf Hitler, who became Chancellor in 1933.

World War II Developments

Axis Powers consisted of Germany, Italy, and Japan, forming an alliance during WWII.
The Munich Agreement of 1938 attempted to appease Hitler by allowing the annexation of Sudetenland under the promise of no further territorial expansion.
The invasion of Poland on September 1, 1939, marked the start of war, prompting Britain and France's declaration against Germany.

American Isolationism and Support for Allies

Isolationism limited U.S. political and military involvement internationally, with the Nye Committee investigating America's WWI entry caused by business interests.
Neutrality Acts were gradually revised to enable increased aid to Britain amid growing war tensions.
The America First Committee, led by isolationists like Charles Lindbergh, campaigned for non-intervention in WWII.
FDR's Quarantine Speech (1937) suggested democracies unite against aggressors, but was met with backlash from isolationists.
The Lend-Lease Act of 1941 facilitated arms supply to Britain on credit, countering neutrality policies.

Domestic Mobilization and Wartime Economy

The War Production Board converted civilian industry to military production, tripling manufacturing output.
Price controls and rationing were implemented by the Office of Price Administration to curb inflation and support wartime efforts.
Federal spending soared, resulting in a significant increase in GDP and a massive war-related national debt.

Wartime migration saw millions from rural areas moving into cities for factory work.
Racial tensions culminated in race riots during summer 1943, highlighting the fight for civil rights through campaigns like "Double V".
Executive Order 8802 banned discrimination in federal defense contracts, a step toward racial equality.
The Braceros program allowed Mexican workers to enter the U.S. during harvest seasons, leading to conflicts over perceived job competition.

The WWII Military Campaigns

D-Day, on June 6, 1944, resulted in a critical Allied landing in Normandy, marking a turning point in European theater.
The Battle of Midway (June 1942) significantly curbed Japanese expansion, while strategies like island-hopping aimed to capture key Japanese-held islands.
Strategic bombing campaigns targeted German cities and military objectives, impacting civilian populations in both Europe and Japan.

The Atomic Age and Post-War Developments

The Manhattan Project aimed to develop the atomic bomb, overseen by J. Robert Oppenheimer.
Hiroshima and Nagasaki were bombed in August 1945, leading to Japan's quick surrender and marking the first use of nuclear weapons in conflict.
The Big Three (U.S., Soviet Union, Great Britain) coordinated war strategies and post-war plans through major conferences, ultimately leading to the establishment of the United Nations.

Conclusion

The era was marked by significant shifts in foreign policy, the rise of fascism, America's reluctant entry into WWII, and profound social changes—all contributing to the modern geopolitical landscape.

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Description

Explore key concepts and terms from Amsco APUSH Chapter 25. This quiz focuses on critical historical policies and events that shaped US-Latin American relations during Franklin D. Roosevelt's presidency. Test your knowledge of significant terms like the Good Neighbor policy and Pan-American conferences.