Give Me Liberty Chapter 22 Flashcards

Questions and Answers

What was the Good Neighbor Policy?

A policy initiated by Hoover and formalized by FDR against intervention in Latin American countries.

What was significant about Manchuria in 1931?

It was invaded by Japan.

What was the Rhineland?

A demilitarized zone invaded by Adolf Hitler.

Which country was invaded by Italy led by Benito Mussolini?

Ethiopia. Signup and view all the answers

Who led an uprising in Spain with the support of Hitler?

General Franco. Signup and view all the answers

What is appeasement in the context of WWII?

A policy of conceding to Hitler's demands to prevent war. Signup and view all the answers

What was decided in the Munich Conference of 1938?

European leaders gave Hitler Sudetenland. Signup and view all the answers

What does the term isolationism refer to?

A policy to avoid foreign conflicts. Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of Pearl Harbor?

It was bombed by the Japanese, leading the U.S. to declare war. Signup and view all the answers

What were the Neutrality Acts of 1935?

Laws that banned American involvement in foreign conflicts. Signup and view all the answers

What was the Abraham Lincoln Brigade?

A volunteer group of Americans who fought for the Spanish government during the Spanish Civil War. Signup and view all the answers

What was the Nazi-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact?

An agreement between Russia and Germany for non-aggression. Signup and view all the answers

What does blitzkrieg refer to?

Lightning warfare conducted by the Nazis. Signup and view all the answers

What were the Axis Powers?

An alliance between Germany, Italy, and Japan. Signup and view all the answers

What was the Battle of Britain?

A series of attacks by the German Air Force on Britain. Signup and view all the answers

What was the 'cash and carry' policy?

A U.S. policy of selling arms to Britain for cash as long as they transported the goods themselves. Signup and view all the answers

What was the Lend-Lease Act?

A law that allowed the U.S. to supply military aid to Britain and allies. Signup and view all the answers

What was the Yalta Conference?

Meeting between FDR, Churchill, and Stalin to discuss post-war plans. Signup and view all the answers

What was the Manhattan Project?

A top-secret program to develop nuclear weapons during WWII. Signup and view all the answers

What does 'unconditional surrender' mean in the context of WWII?

The requirement that Japan must surrender without any negotiated terms. Signup and view all the answers

What was the GI Bill of Rights?

A law that provided services for returning soldiers. Signup and view all the answers

What was the purpose of the Office of War Information (OWI)?

To mobilize public opinion in support of the war. Signup and view all the answers

What was the impact of the War Production Board?

It coordinated the production of war supplies and limited non-essential goods. Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of VE Day?

Victory in Europe Day, marking the official end of WWII in Europe. Signup and view all the answers

What was the Battle of Midway?

A decisive naval victory for the U.S. over Japan. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Good Neighbor Policy

Initiated by Hoover and formalized by FDR.
Aimed to avoid intervention in Latin America's internal affairs, leading to the withdrawal of U.S. troops from Haiti and Nicaragua.
Repealed the Platt Amendment, focusing on American business interests abroad.

Manchuria

Northern Chinese province invaded by Japan in 1931.
Japan aimed to expand military and economic power in the region.
The invasion resulted in the deaths of 300,000 Chinese POWs.

Rhineland

A demilitarized zone between France and Germany.
Adolf Hitler violated the Treaty of Versailles by invading in 1936.
Area rich in natural resources.

Ethiopia

Conquered by Italy under Benito Mussolini in the 1930s.

General Franco

Led a fascist uprising in Spain from 1936 to 1939, with assistance from Hitler.
Established a fascist government upon victory.

Appeasement

Policy adopted by FDR, Britain, and France to avoid conflict with Hitler.
Involved conceding to Hitler's demands to prevent war.

Munich Conference

Held in 1938, where European leaders ceded Sudetenland to Hitler.
Aimed to secure peace in Europe.

Isolationism

Dominant U.S. policy in the 1930s, focused on avoiding foreign conflicts.
Advocated for limited involvement in global affairs.

"Strike for Peace"

Movement where tens of thousands of students advocated for pacifism on college campuses.
Led to significant classroom walkouts.

Neutrality Acts (1935)

Legislation promoting U.S. isolationism, prohibiting travel on belligerent ships.
Banned loans and arms sales to nations at war.

Abraham Lincoln Brigade

Group of over 3,000 American volunteers who fought for the Spanish Government during the Spanish Civil War.

Nazi-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact

Signed in 1939 between Germany and Russia, committing to non-aggression.
Followed by Germany's invasion of Poland.

Blitzkrieg

Tactic of "lightning warfare" used by the Nazis for rapid military assaults.

Axis Powers

Military alliance formed by Germany, Italy, and Japan during WWII.

Battle of Britain

Series of attacks by the German Air Force on London from 1940-1941.
Ultimately repelled by the British Air Force.

"Cash and Carry"

U.S. policy allowing arms sales to Britain, requiring cash payment and transport by British ships.

America First Committee

Anti-war organization comprising hundreds of thousands, featuring influential leaders like Henry Ford and Charles A. Lindbergh.

Lend-Lease Act

Passed in 1941, allowed the U.S. to provide military aid to allies, with repayment promised post-war.

Free World Association

Formed in 1941 by refugees and Americans advocating for U.S. entry into WWII, emphasizing democracy versus totalitarianism.

Wendell Willkie

Republican presidential candidate against FDR in 1940, contributing to Freedom House efforts.

Freedom House

Bipartisan organization advocating for U.S. involvement in WWII, realizing it was a fight between dictatorship and liberty.
Included notable figures like Eleanor Roosevelt and Wendell Willkie.

Pearl Harbor

U.S. naval base attacked by Japan on December 7, 1941, resulting in over 2,000 American deaths.
Led to the U.S. declaration of war against Japan.

Jeanette Rankin

First woman in Congress from Montana, known for her opposition to both World Wars.

Death March of Bataan

Forced march of 78,000 American and Filipino troops by Japan, resulting in significant casualties.

Battle of the Atlantic

Long-lasting confrontation where German submarines targeted Allied vessels.

Battle of the Coral Sea

May 1942 engagement where American naval forces repelled a Japanese fleet threatening Australia.

Battle of Midway

Significant U.S. naval victory over Japan in June 1942, shifting the war's momentum.

Island Hopping

U.S. military strategy aimed at capturing key islands to approach Japan, allowing for efficient bombing runs.

D-Day

Major Allied invasion of Normandy on June 6, 1944, led by Dwight D. Eisenhower.
Resulted in the liberation of Paris within two months.

Dwight D. Eisenhower

Supreme commander of Allied forces during D-Day and subsequent European operations.

Stalingrad

Site of a pivotal 1942 battle in Russia, resulting in massive German and Russian casualties.
Marked a critical turning point in the war against Germany.

Final Solution

Nazi plan for the mass extermination of "undesirable" groups, including Jews, Roma, and others in concentration camps.

Home Front

Federal agencies established by FDR to support war efforts, including the War Production Board and Office of Price Administration.

War Production Board

Managed wartime production resources, prioritizing military supply manufacturing.

Office of Price Administration

Controlled inflation by enforcing price ceilings and implementing rationing during WWII.

Henry Stimson

Secretary of War during World War II.

"No Strike Pledge"

An agreement among workers not to strike during the war, though some did leave their jobs.

Four Freedoms

Concepts articulated by FDR: freedom from fear, freedom of speech, freedom of religion, and freedom from want.

West Virginia v. Barnette

Supreme Court ruling that upheld students’ rights to refrain from saluting the flag, protecting free speech.

Office of War Information (OWI)

Created in 1942 to foster public support for the war through media campaigns, including radio and films.

War Advertising Council

Coalitions of private companies promoting wartime patriotism, including buying war bonds and growing victory gardens.

Rosie the Riveter

Iconic representation of women in the workforce, symbolizing female empowerment during WWII.

VE Day

Victory in Europe Day, celebrated on May 8, 1945, marking Germany's surrender.

Battle of Leyte Gulf

Decisive naval battle in the Philippines that led to the destruction of much of Japan's naval power.

Manhattan Project

Secret U.S. initiative to develop nuclear weapons during WWII, directed by J. Robert Oppenheimer.

"Unconditional Surrender"

Stipulation following the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki; Japan's surrender was predicated on the dethronement of their emperor.

Yalta Conference

Meeting of Allied leaders FDR, Churchill, and Stalin to discuss post-war plans, including the division of Germany.

Potsdam Conference

Final 1945 meeting of Allied leaders in Germany, discussing Europe's future and partitioning Germany into occupation zones.

Bretton Woods Conference

Established U.S. dollar as the primary currency for international transactions; created World Bank and International Monetary Fund.

World Bank

Established at Bretton Woods, provided financial aid to developing nations and supported post-war reconstruction.

International Monetary Fund (IMF)

Aimed to stabilize global currencies and prevent economic crises, established at Bretton Woods.

Dumbarton Oaks Conference

Convened to create the United Nations and its structure, including a General Assembly and Security Council.

Security Council

A UN body tasked with maintaining international peace, consisting of six rotating members and five permanent members with veto power.

Atlantic Charter

Agreement between FDR and Churchill, aiming for post-war cooperation and democratic governance after Nazi defeat.

GI Bill of Rights

Legislation providing support and resources for returning soldiers, including jobs and educational benefits.

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Description

Test your knowledge with these flashcards from Chapter 22 of 'Give Me Liberty'. This chapter covers critical policies and historical events, including the Good Neighbor Policy and the invasion of Manchuria. Perfect for reviewing key concepts and terms related to American history.