Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which aminoglycoside has the broadest spectrum of activity?
Which aminoglycoside has the broadest spectrum of activity?
- Paromomycin
- Gentamicin (correct)
- Streptomycin
- Framycetin
What contributes to the basic nature of aminoglycoside antimicrobials?
What contributes to the basic nature of aminoglycoside antimicrobials?
- The chemical structure of apramycin
- The aminocyclitol group
- Hydroxyl groups on the sugar moieties
- Amino sugars attached to the aminocyclitol ring (correct)
Which aminoglycoside has synergistic activity toward selected gram-positive organisms?
Which aminoglycoside has synergistic activity toward selected gram-positive organisms?
- Neomycin (correct)
- Kanamycin
- Amikacin
- Tobramycin
What is characteristic of the chemical structure of aminoglycosides?
What is characteristic of the chemical structure of aminoglycosides?
What is the recommended method for obtaining evidence-based withdrawal recommendations for apramycin in the US?
What is the recommended method for obtaining evidence-based withdrawal recommendations for apramycin in the US?
What is the elimination half-life of apramycin in calves?
What is the elimination half-life of apramycin in calves?
How is apramycin primarily excreted from the body?
How is apramycin primarily excreted from the body?
What is the recommended dosage of apramycin for swine?
What is the recommended dosage of apramycin for swine?
How does spectinomycin primarily interfere with bacteria?
How does spectinomycin primarily interfere with bacteria?
What percentage of spectinomycin can be recovered unchanged in the urine over 24–48 hours?
What percentage of spectinomycin can be recovered unchanged in the urine over 24–48 hours?
What is the main site of action for aminoglycosides?
What is the main site of action for aminoglycosides?
What effect does low oxygen tension have on the efficacy of aminoglycosides?
What effect does low oxygen tension have on the efficacy of aminoglycosides?
Which type of microorganisms are aminoglycosides principally effective against?
Which type of microorganisms are aminoglycosides principally effective against?
What is the pKa range of aminoglycoside drugs?
What is the pKa range of aminoglycoside drugs?
What is the driving force for the transfer of aminoglycosides into bacteria?
What is the driving force for the transfer of aminoglycosides into bacteria?
In what environment is the efficacy of aminoglycosides markedly curtailed?
In what environment is the efficacy of aminoglycosides markedly curtailed?
What process is required for aminoglycosides to reach the bacterial ribosome?
What process is required for aminoglycosides to reach the bacterial ribosome?
What can interfere with the transport of aminoglycosides into bacteria?
What can interfere with the transport of aminoglycosides into bacteria?
Which type of antimicrobials commonly demonstrate synergism when used in combination with aminoglycosides?
Which type of antimicrobials commonly demonstrate synergism when used in combination with aminoglycosides?
What effect does an alkaline pH have on the passive movement of aminoglycosides across bacterial cell membranes?
What effect does an alkaline pH have on the passive movement of aminoglycosides across bacterial cell membranes?
Which ribosomal subunit is irreversibly bound by aminoglycosides?
Which ribosomal subunit is irreversibly bound by aminoglycosides?
Which type of organisms can aminoglycosides be less effective against at low concentrations?
Which type of organisms can aminoglycosides be less effective against at low concentrations?
What is the main reason aminoglycosides are relatively ineffective against facultative anaerobes in a low-oxygen environment?
What is the main reason aminoglycosides are relatively ineffective against facultative anaerobes in a low-oxygen environment?
What is the main factor that leads to indirectly proportional changes in the concentration of an aminoglycoside?
What is the main factor that leads to indirectly proportional changes in the concentration of an aminoglycoside?
In which body compartment do aminoglycosides accumulate as ionization increases?
In which body compartment do aminoglycosides accumulate as ionization increases?
What is the main reason for administering aminoglycosides via once-daily treatment?
What is the main reason for administering aminoglycosides via once-daily treatment?
Why are aminoglycosides contraindicated for short dosing intervals, including continuous infusions?
Why are aminoglycosides contraindicated for short dosing intervals, including continuous infusions?
What is the main reason that aminoglycosides are relatively ineffective against obligate anaerobic bacteria and fungi?
What is the main reason that aminoglycosides are relatively ineffective against obligate anaerobic bacteria and fungi?
What is the main route of excretion for aminoglycosides?
What is the main route of excretion for aminoglycosides?
In which body compartment do aminoglycosides reach therapeutic concentrations?
In which body compartment do aminoglycosides reach therapeutic concentrations?
What is the most common method of administering aminoglycosides?
What is the most common method of administering aminoglycosides?
What complication may arise from excessive accumulation of aminoglycosides in tubular cells?
What complication may arise from excessive accumulation of aminoglycosides in tubular cells?
What is the main reason that once-daily treatment with aminoglycosides is indicated?
What is the main reason that once-daily treatment with aminoglycosides is indicated?
Which of the following is a mechanism of resistance to aminoglycoside antimicrobials that is plasmid or chromosomally mediated?
Which of the following is a mechanism of resistance to aminoglycoside antimicrobials that is plasmid or chromosomally mediated?
In which bacterial species does impaired transport across the cell membrane occur as a mechanism of nonplasmid-mediated resistance to aminoglycosides?
In which bacterial species does impaired transport across the cell membrane occur as a mechanism of nonplasmid-mediated resistance to aminoglycosides?
Which of the following is a characteristic of streptomycin and dihydrostreptomycin?
Which of the following is a characteristic of streptomycin and dihydrostreptomycin?
Under which condition will the efficacy of aminoglycosides be reduced?
Under which condition will the efficacy of aminoglycosides be reduced?
What is the most frequently observed phenomenon in P aeruginosa and other gram-negative bacilli, where bacterial cells develop a reversible resistance to aminoglycosides if they survive the initial ionic binding?
What is the most frequently observed phenomenon in P aeruginosa and other gram-negative bacilli, where bacterial cells develop a reversible resistance to aminoglycosides if they survive the initial ionic binding?
Which aminoglycoside has the broadest spectrum among the group?
Which aminoglycoside has the broadest spectrum among the group?
Which bacteria are still susceptible to streptomycin and dihydrostreptomycin?
Which bacteria are still susceptible to streptomycin and dihydrostreptomycin?
What happens to adaptive resistance after multiple daily dosing or constant rate infusions?
What happens to adaptive resistance after multiple daily dosing or constant rate infusions?
What is the effect of once-daily dosing on adaptive resistance?
What is the effect of once-daily dosing on adaptive resistance?
Which mechanism of resistance increases in P aeruginosa mutants, resulting in resistance to gentamicin?
Which mechanism of resistance increases in P aeruginosa mutants, resulting in resistance to gentamicin?
Which bacterial species are sensitive to streptomycin?
Which bacterial species are sensitive to streptomycin?
What is the most common route of excretion for aminoglycosides?
What is the most common route of excretion for aminoglycosides?
Which phase of elimination reflects the gradual release of the antimicrobial from renal intracellular binding sites?
Which phase of elimination reflects the gradual release of the antimicrobial from renal intracellular binding sites?
What is the recommended peak concentration of aminoglycosides for efficacy?
What is the recommended peak concentration of aminoglycosides for efficacy?
What is the ideal time to collect a trough concentration for safety monitoring?
What is the ideal time to collect a trough concentration for safety monitoring?
How should the dosage regimen of aminoglycosides be altered to minimize nephrotoxicity?
How should the dosage regimen of aminoglycosides be altered to minimize nephrotoxicity?
In cases of renal failure, what should be done with the treatment interval for aminoglycosides?
In cases of renal failure, what should be done with the treatment interval for aminoglycosides?
What is the recommended action if plasma creatinine concentrations are increased in cases of renal failure?
What is the recommended action if plasma creatinine concentrations are increased in cases of renal failure?
What should be done to assure that 10 times the MIC is achieved at peak concentrations?
What should be done to assure that 10 times the MIC is achieved at peak concentrations?
What is the preferred number of time points to monitor when administering aminoglycosides intravenously?
What is the preferred number of time points to monitor when administering aminoglycosides intravenously?
When should trough concentrations generally be collected?
When should trough concentrations generally be collected?
What is the most common method of excretion for aminoglycosides?
What is the most common method of excretion for aminoglycosides?
What factor determines how half-life will vary?
What factor determines how half-life will vary?
What is the order of aminoglycosides from most ototoxic to least ototoxic?
What is the order of aminoglycosides from most ototoxic to least ototoxic?
Which drug has been shown to decrease the risk of aminoglycoside ototoxicity in people?
Which drug has been shown to decrease the risk of aminoglycoside ototoxicity in people?
What is the effect of aminoglycosides on muscle weakness and respiratory arrest?
What is the effect of aminoglycosides on muscle weakness and respiratory arrest?
What is the mechanism behind the neuromuscular blockade caused by aminoglycosides?
What is the mechanism behind the neuromuscular blockade caused by aminoglycosides?
Which drug antagonizes the neuromuscular blockade caused by aminoglycosides?
Which drug antagonizes the neuromuscular blockade caused by aminoglycosides?
What adverse effect may be aggravated by aminoglycosides when administered to animals under halothane anesthesia?
What adverse effect may be aggravated by aminoglycosides when administered to animals under halothane anesthesia?
What laboratory finding is a noteworthy adverse effect associated with aminoglycosides?
What laboratory finding is a noteworthy adverse effect associated with aminoglycosides?
What happens if aminoglycosides are administered with loop-acting diuretics, especially furosemide?
What happens if aminoglycosides are administered with loop-acting diuretics, especially furosemide?
What do high concentrations of carbenicillin, ticarcillin, and piperacillin do to aminoglycosides?
What do high concentrations of carbenicillin, ticarcillin, and piperacillin do to aminoglycosides?
Which of the following is true about withdrawal intervals for aminoglycosides in production animals?
Which of the following is true about withdrawal intervals for aminoglycosides in production animals?
Which can enhance the antibacterial efficacy of aminoglycosides?
Which can enhance the antibacterial efficacy of aminoglycosides?
What should veterinarians be aware of regarding the withdrawal times for aminoglycosides used in an extralabel fashion in production animals?
What should veterinarians be aware of regarding the withdrawal times for aminoglycosides used in an extralabel fashion in production animals?
What is the primary concern associated with aminoglycoside nephrotoxicity?
What is the primary concern associated with aminoglycoside nephrotoxicity?
How can nephrotoxicity be detected in animals undergoing aminoglycoside treatment?
How can nephrotoxicity be detected in animals undergoing aminoglycoside treatment?
What role does mitochondria play in aminoglycoside-induced ototoxicity?
What role does mitochondria play in aminoglycoside-induced ototoxicity?
Which animals are particularly sensitive to the toxic vestibular effects of aminoglycosides?
Which animals are particularly sensitive to the toxic vestibular effects of aminoglycosides?
What characteristic reflects permanent damage and loss of the hair cells in the organ of Corti due to aminoglycoside-induced ototoxicity?
What characteristic reflects permanent damage and loss of the hair cells in the organ of Corti due to aminoglycoside-induced ototoxicity?
In renal insufficiency, what alteration is generally made to the interval between doses of aminoglycosides?
In renal insufficiency, what alteration is generally made to the interval between doses of aminoglycosides?
What is the driving force for the transfer of aminoglycosides into proximal tubular epithelial cells?
What is the driving force for the transfer of aminoglycosides into proximal tubular epithelial cells?
What should be considered for treatment to minimize aminoglycoside nephrotoxicity?
What should be considered for treatment to minimize aminoglycoside nephrotoxicity?
What is necessary for kidneys to eliminate accumulated aminoglycosides?
What is necessary for kidneys to eliminate accumulated aminoglycosides?
What is indicative of aminoglycoside nephrotoxicity based on laboratory tests?
What is indicative of aminoglycoside nephrotoxicity based on laboratory tests?
In cases of excessive accumulation, what complication may arise from aminoglycosides in tubular cells?
In cases of excessive accumulation, what complication may arise from aminoglycosides in tubular cells?
What contributes to the reduction of toxicity and negative impact on efficacy while treating renal insufficiency with aminoglycosides?
What contributes to the reduction of toxicity and negative impact on efficacy while treating renal insufficiency with aminoglycosides?
