Amino Acids & Proteins 1
82 Questions
0 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of amino acids in the body?

  • Energy storage
  • Enzyme inhibition
  • Structural support (correct)
  • Vitamin synthesis

    • Which group of amino acids is known to be important in antibody formation?

  • Acidic amino acids (correct)
  • Basic amino acids
  • Nonpolar amino acids
  • Polar amino acids

    • In terms of physicochemical characteristics, which type of amino acid would be expected to interact more with water?

  • Nonpolar amino acid
  • Acidic amino acid (correct)
  • Proteinogenic amino acid
  • Basic amino acid

    • Which process involves the breakdown of amino acids to release energy?

    <p>Amino acids catabolism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of structural proteins in the body?

    <p>Providing support and strength</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process involves the linking together of amino acids to form a protein chain?

    <p>Peptide bond formation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between oligopeptides and polypeptides?

    <p>Oligopeptides have 2-20 amino acids, while polypeptides have 21-50 amino acids.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which functional group of an amino acid is responsible for forming the peptide bond?

    <p>Carboxyl group</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many different amino acids are commonly found in mammalian proteins?

    <p>~50</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of reaction is the formation of a peptide bond?

    <p>ATP-dependent reaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of amino acids are encoded by DNA?

    <p>Standard proteinogenic amino acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which amino acids have a polar hydroxyl group that can participate in hydrogen bond formation?

    <p>Serine, threonine, and tyrosine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of histidine's side chain as mentioned in the text?

    <p>Being either positively charged or neutral depending on pH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which amino acid serves as a precursor for serotonin, a neurotransmitter influencing digestion, mood, sleep, and healing?

    <p>Tryptophan</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which amino acid side chain contains a sulfhydryl group, important for disulfide bond formation between proteins?

    <p>Cysteine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At physiological pH, the side chains of which amino acids are fully ionized and positively charged?

    <p>Aspartate and glutamate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At physiological pH, which amino acid side chains are fully ionized and negatively charged?

    <p>Glutamic acid and tyrosine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which amino acid can lose a proton at an alkaline pH due to its -SH bond being slightly polarized?

    <p>Cysteine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which amino acid derivative is responsible for the production of GABA, an inhibitory neurotransmitter?

    <p>Glutamate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are nonpolar amino acids predominantly located within proteins according to the text?

    <p>Located in the interior of soluble proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which amino acids are proton donors due to their polar acidic side chains?

    <p>Aspartic acid and glutamic acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organelles are involved in protein synthesis?

    <p>Nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do metabolic proteins primarily do?

    <p>Direct and regulate metabolism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of proteins permit movement in living organisms?

    <p>Contractile proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of transport proteins?

    <p>Move essential molecules through bloodstream</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are proteins formed biologically?

    <p>By amino acid monomers linked by peptide bonds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes peptides from proteins?

    <p>The size of the chain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which amino acid side chain contains a sulfhydryl group that is important for disulfide bond formation between proteins?

    <p>Cysteine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At physiologic pH, which amino acid's side chain can lose a proton due to its slightly polarized -SH bond?

    <p>Cysteine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of amino acids have side chains that are fully ionized and negatively charged at physiological pH?

    <p>Charged acidic side chains</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which amino acid's side chain contains a polar hydroxyl group that can participate in hydrogen bond formation?

    <p>Serine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which amino acid's side chain has both a carbonyl group and an amine group, allowing it to participate in hydrogen bonds?

    <p>Serine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which amino acid derivative is responsible for the production of bile acids?

    <p>Tyrosine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At physiological pH, which amino acid side chains can be either positively charged or neutral depending on the environment's pH?

    <p>Histidine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which amino acid plays a key role in forming thyroid hormones such as T3 and T₄?

    <p>Tyrosine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In soluble and membrane proteins, where are nonpolar amino acids predominantly located?

    <p>In the transmembrane domains</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which amino acid is known to be a precursor for serotonin, a neurotransmitter crucial for digestion, mood, sleep, and healing?

    <p>Tryptophan</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between the amino group and the carboxyl group in an amino acid?

    <p>They are on adjacent carbon atoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of amino acid side chain would be least likely to interact with water molecules?

    <p>Nonpolar amino acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between glucogenic and ketogenic amino acids?

    <p>Glucogenic amino acids can form glucose directly, while ketogenic amino acids cannot</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the protein structure is responsible for movement in living organisms?

    <p>Contractile proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of peptide bonds in protein structure?

    <p>They determine the protein's primary structure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the function of antibody proteins?

    <p>Immune defense</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) as mentioned in the text?

    <p>Essential for regulation of blood volume and pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which peptide is responsible for stimulating pancreas and liver secretion, including the release of bile from the gall bladder?

    <p>CCK (cholecystokinin)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In protein digestion, which enzyme is activated from pepsinogen to facilitate protein hydrolysis?

    <p>Pepsin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where do most amino acids go after absorption from the small intestine before reaching systemic circulation?

    <p>Liver</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which peptide hormone, synthesized in the hypothalamus, is involved in stimulating uterine contractions and milk secretion?

    <p>Oxytocin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which amino acid derivative is essential for energy production in muscle and cardiac cells?

    <p>Carnitine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the liver in relation to amino acid metabolism?

    <p>Converting amino acids to energy-producing intermediates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During the absorptive period, where do peripheral amino acids for protein synthesis come from?

    <p>Amino acids that escape hepatic catabolism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to amino acids in excess of biosynthetic needs in the body?

    <p>They are rapidly degraded into various components</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is true regarding the urea cycle?

    <p>It is the main route for nitrogen disposal from the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are amino acids not stored by the body?

    <p>Because they are immediately used for energy production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is most of the free ammonia produced in liver metabolism utilized?

    <p>In the formation of urea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of structural proteins in living systems?

    <p>Form tissues &amp; bones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which category of proteins contains Enzymes & Peptide Hormones that direct and regulate metabolism?

    <p>Metabolic Proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In protein synthesis, which organelles are responsible for translation?

    <p>Ribosome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of proteins move essential molecules through the bloodstream?

    <p>Transport Proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes Peptides from Proteins based on the text?

    <p>Size of the chain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which proteins are responsible for fighting infections such as viruses and bacteria?

    <p>Antibody Immunoglobulins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which amino acid side chain contains a sulfhydryl group that is important for disulfide bond formation between proteins?

    <p>Tyrosine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which amino acid side chain can lose a proton at an alkaline pH due to its slightly polarized -SH bond?

    <p>Tyrosine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At physiological pH, which amino acid's side chain is fully ionized and negatively charged?

    <p>Glutamic Acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which amino acid has a side chain with a polar hydroxyl group that participates in hydrogen bond formation?

    <p>Tyrosine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which amino acid side chain contains a carbonyl group and an amine group, allowing participation in hydrogen bonds?

    <p>Asparagine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of a peptide bond?

    <p>To facilitate protein synthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many amino acids can be found in oligopeptides?

    <p>10-30 amino acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which feature distinguishes a protein from a peptide?

    <p>Number of amino acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of amino acids are encoded by DNA?

    <p>Proteinogenic amino acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which group of amino acids are known to be important in antibody formation?

    <p>Aromatic amino acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic distinguishes one amino acid from another in a protein?

    <p>Chemical nature of the side chain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of interactions do the nonpolar side chains of amino acids with 'oily' characteristics promote in proteins?

    <p>Hydrophobic interactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which amino acid stands out due to its unique geometry and formation of a five-membered ring structure?

    <p>Proline</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which type of proteins do nonpolar amino acids tend to cluster together in the interior due to their 'oily' side chains?

    <p>Globular proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which amino acid, known for interrupting α-helices in globular proteins, is crucial for the fibrous structure of collagen?

    <p>Proline</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines the role that an amino acid plays in a protein?

    <p>Chemical nature of the side chain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which amino acid derivative is responsible for the production of GABA, an inhibitory neurotransmitter?

    <p>Glutamate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are nonpolar amino acids predominantly located within proteins according to the text?

    <p>Core</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which amino acid plays a key role in forming thyroid hormones such as T3 and T₄?

    <p>Tyrosine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes nonpolar amino acids from polar amino acids?

    <p>Tendency to aggregate in water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At physiological pH, which amino acid side chain can be either positively charged or neutral depending on the environment's pH?

    <p>Histidine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    More Like This

    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Open
    Browser
    Browser