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Questions and Answers
Glycine is an asymmetric center
Glycine is an asymmetric center
False (B)
D-amino acids are found in proteins
D-amino acids are found in proteins
False (B)
Histamine is an α-amino acid
Histamine is an α-amino acid
False (B)
NH2 group is always attached to the α-carbon atom in amino acids
NH2 group is always attached to the α-carbon atom in amino acids
Taurine is a constituent of vitamin B5
Taurine is a constituent of vitamin B5
Citrulline is a standard amino acid
Citrulline is a standard amino acid
Glycine is a branched chain amino acid.
Glycine is a branched chain amino acid.
Amino acids with amide groups include Aspartic acid and Glutamic acid.
Amino acids with amide groups include Aspartic acid and Glutamic acid.
Phenylalanine is a heterocyclic amino acid.
Phenylalanine is a heterocyclic amino acid.
Non-polar amino acids are generally found on the surface of proteins that interact with lipids.
Non-polar amino acids are generally found on the surface of proteins that interact with lipids.
Cysteine residues can form a peptide bond.
Cysteine residues can form a peptide bond.
Charged side chains include Asparagine and Glutamine.
Charged side chains include Asparagine and Glutamine.
All amino acids have a planar structure.
All amino acids have a planar structure.
There are 30 amino acids that occur in proteins.
There are 30 amino acids that occur in proteins.
The side chain (R-group) of an amino acid determines its metabolic fate.
The side chain (R-group) of an amino acid determines its metabolic fate.
Amino acids are linked to each other through ionic bonds.
Amino acids are linked to each other through ionic bonds.
The body can synthesize all amino acids.
The body can synthesize all amino acids.
Each amino acid has a unique one-letter symbol.
Each amino acid has a unique one-letter symbol.
Flashcards
Aliphatic Amino Acids
Aliphatic Amino Acids
Amino acids with a side chain containing a simple chain of carbon atoms, also known as alkyl groups.
Branched Chain Amino Acids
Branched Chain Amino Acids
Amino acids with a side chain containing a branched chain of carbon atoms.
Hydroxy-Amino Acids
Hydroxy-Amino Acids
Amino acids with a side chain containing a hydroxyl (-OH) group.
Sulfur-containing Amino Acids
Sulfur-containing Amino Acids
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Amino Acids with Amide Group
Amino Acids with Amide Group
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Acidic Amino Acids
Acidic Amino Acids
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Basic Amino Acids
Basic Amino Acids
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Aromatic Amino Acids
Aromatic Amino Acids
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Heterocyclic Amino Acids
Heterocyclic Amino Acids
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Non-Polar Amino Acids
Non-Polar Amino Acids
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Polar Amino Acids
Polar Amino Acids
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Disulfide Bond
Disulfide Bond
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γ-Amino Butyric Acid (GABA)
γ-Amino Butyric Acid (GABA)
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Beta-Alanine
Beta-Alanine
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Dopamine
Dopamine
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Thyroxine
Thyroxine
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Histamine
Histamine
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Non-Standard Amino Acids
Non-Standard Amino Acids
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Study Notes
Classification of Amino Acids
- Aliphatic amino acids: Monoamino monocarboxylic acids (Simple amino acids: Glycine, Alanine), Branched chain amino acids (Valine, Leucine, Isoleucine), Hydroxy-amino acids (Serine, Threonine), Sulfur-containing amino acids (Cysteine, Methionine), Amino acids with amide group (Asparagine, Glutamine)
Acidic and Basic Amino Acids
- Monoamino dicarboxylic acids: Aspartic acid, Glutamic acid (acidic)
- Dibasic monocarboxylic acids: Lysine, Arginine (basic)
Aromatic and Heterocyclic Amino Acids
- Aromatic amino acids: Phenylalanine, Tyrosine
- Heterocyclic amino acids: Tryptophan, Histidine
Side Chain Character
- Non-polar side chains (hydrophobic): Ala, Val, Leu, Ile, Met, Phe, Try, Pro
- Polar side chains (hydrophilic): Ser, Thr, Tyr, Asn, Gln, Cys
- Charged side chains: Acidic (Glu, Asp), Basic (Lys, Arg, His)
Bonds and Interactions
- Non-polar amino acids participate in hydrophobic interactions
- Polar amino acids form hydrogen bonds
- Negatively charged acidic amino acids and positively charged basic amino acids form ionic bonds at physiological pH
- Two cysteine residues form a disulfide bond, producing cystine
Location of Polar and Non-Polar Amino Acids
- Non-polar amino acids are generally found in the interior of proteins that function in an aqueous environment
- Polar amino acids are generally found on the outside of proteins that function in an aqueous environment
Non-Standard Amino Acids
- γ-Amino butyric acid (GABA) derived from glutamic acid
- Beta alanine is a constituent of pantothenic acid (vitamin B5)
- Dopamine, Thyroxine (tyrosine derivative), Histamine (histidine derivative)
- Ornithine, Citrulline, Homocysteine are produced during the metabolism of amino acids
Importance of Amino Acids
- Formation of protein
- Formation of glucose and ketone bodies
- Enzyme activity: cysteine (-SH)
- Transport and storage form of ammonia: Gln
- As a buffer: histidine
- Detoxification: Gly, Cys
- Used as a drug: D-Penicillamine (D-dimethylglycine) for Wilson's disease
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Description
Test your knowledge of the different types of amino acids, including aliphatic, branched chain, hydroxy-amino, and more. Identify the characteristics and examples of each amino acid group.
