Questions and Answers
What structure is Alanine?
Alanine structure
What structure is Valine?
Valine structure
What structure is Isoleucine?
Isoleucine structure
What structure is Leucine?
Signup and view all the answers
What structure is Methionine?
Signup and view all the answers
What structure is Tyrosine?
Signup and view all the answers
What structure is Tryptophan?
Signup and view all the answers
What structure is Phenylalanine?
Signup and view all the answers
What structure is Aspartate?
Signup and view all the answers
What structure is Glutamate?
Signup and view all the answers
What two amino acids are acidic?
Signup and view all the answers
What structure is Lysine?
Signup and view all the answers
What structure is Arginine?
Signup and view all the answers
What structure is Histidine?
Signup and view all the answers
What three amino acids are basic?
Signup and view all the answers
What two amino acids are polar, not charged, and have hydroxyl groups?
Signup and view all the answers
What two amino acids are polar, not charged, and have carboxyamide groups?
Signup and view all the answers
What structure is Serine?
Signup and view all the answers
What structure is Threonine?
Signup and view all the answers
What structure is Asparagine?
Signup and view all the answers
What structure is Glutamine?
Signup and view all the answers
What structure is Cysteine?
Signup and view all the answers
What amino acid has disulfide bonds and is mostly found in extracellular proteins?
Signup and view all the answers
What structure is Glycine?
Signup and view all the answers
What amino acid can fit in tight places?
Signup and view all the answers
What structure is Proline?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the imino acid?
Signup and view all the answers
What four amino acids are polar with uncharged R groups?
Signup and view all the answers
Histidine can shift between positively charged and not charged depending on what?
Signup and view all the answers
Hydrophobic amino acids tend to be located where in proteins?
Signup and view all the answers
Acidic amino acids have R groups that are what charge?
Signup and view all the answers
Basic amino acids have R groups that are what charge?
Signup and view all the answers
What are the nine nonpolar hydrophobic amino acids?
Signup and view all the answers
What are the six polar hydrophilic amino acids?
Signup and view all the answers
Are the basic and acidic amino acids considered hydrophilic?
Signup and view all the answers
What hydrophobic amino acid is the exception and could interact with water?
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Amino Acid Characteristics
- Alanine: Nonpolar, aliphatic amino acid.
- Valine: Nonpolar, branched-chain amino acid, hydrophobic.
- Isoleucine: Nonpolar, branched-chain amino acid with hydrophobic properties.
- Leucine: Nonpolar, branched-chain amino acid crucial for protein synthesis.
- Methionine: Contains a sulfur atom, nonpolar, initiates protein synthesis.
- Tyrosine: Polar, can engage in hydrogen bonding; derived from phenylalanine.
- Tryptophan: Nonpolar, precursors to serotonin, has aromatic structure.
- Phenylalanine: Aromatic, nonpolar; needed for synthesizing tyrosine.
- Aspartate: Acidic, negatively charged side chain; involved in metabolic pathways.
- Glutamate: Acidic, important neurotransmitter in the brain, negatively charged.
- Acidic Amino Acids: Aspartate and Glutamate, known for their negatively charged R groups.
- Lysine: Basic, positively charged side chain; involved in protein interaction.
- Arginine: Basic, can donate protons; involved in metabolic functions.
- Histidine: Basic, can switch between charged and uncharged states, vital for enzyme activity.
Polar Amino Acids
- Serine: Polar, contains hydroxyl group; contributes to hydrogen bonds.
- Threonine: Similar to serine, has a hydroxyl group; polar and hydrophilic.
- Asparagine: Polar, possesses a carboxyamide group; involved in hydrogen bonding.
- Glutamine: Similar to asparagine, polar with carboxyamide group; important for nitrogen transport.
- Cysteine: Contains a thiol group, can form disulfide bonds, stabilizing protein structure.
Other Amino Acid Features
- Glycine: Simplest amino acid, fits into tight spaces within proteins due to its small size.
- Proline: Unique imino acid, introduces rigidity in protein structure; often found in turns.
- Hydrophobic Amino Acids: Tend to be buried inside proteins to avoid contact with water (e.g., Glycine, Alanine, Methionine).
- Polar Amino Acids: Include Serine, Threonine, Asparagine, Glutamine, and Cysteine; facilitate hydrogen bonding.
Charge Characteristics
- Acidic Amino Acids: Exhibit negatively charged side chains.
- Basic Amino Acids: Feature positively charged side chains, crucial for interactions with negatively charged groups.
Unique Properties
- Histidine: Unique ability to switch charge based on local pH; involved in enzyme catalysis and protein function.
- Tyrosine: Exceptionally hydrophobic amino acid that can still interact with water due to its hydroxyl group.
Common Groupings
- Nonpolar Hydrophobic Amino Acids: Include Glycine, Alanine, Leucine, Isoleucine, Valine, Proline, Tryptophan, Phenylalanine, Methionine.
- Polar Hydrophilic Amino Acids: Include Serine, Threonine, Tyrosine, Asparagine, Glutamine, Cysteine.
General Knowledge
- Hydrophilic Amino Acids: Basic and acidic amino acids are considered hydrophilic due to their charge properties.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Description
Test your knowledge of amino acids by identifying their structures in this interactive quiz. Each flashcard presents a different amino acid including alanine, valine, isoleucine, and more. Perfect for students studying biochemistry or molecular biology.