Questions and Answers
What structure is Alanine?
Alanine structure
What structure is Valine?
Valine structure
What structure is Isoleucine?
Isoleucine structure
What structure is Leucine?
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What structure is Methionine?
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What structure is Tyrosine?
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What structure is Tryptophan?
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What structure is Phenylalanine?
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What structure is Aspartate?
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What structure is Glutamate?
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What two amino acids are acidic?
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What structure is Lysine?
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What structure is Arginine?
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What structure is Histidine?
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What three amino acids are basic?
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What two amino acids are polar, not charged, and have hydroxyl groups?
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What two amino acids are polar, not charged, and have carboxyamide groups?
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What structure is Serine?
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What structure is Threonine?
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What structure is Asparagine?
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What structure is Glutamine?
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What structure is Cysteine?
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What amino acid has disulfide bonds and is mostly found in extracellular proteins?
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What structure is Glycine?
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What amino acid can fit in tight places?
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What structure is Proline?
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What is the imino acid?
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What four amino acids are polar with uncharged R groups?
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Histidine can shift between positively charged and not charged depending on what?
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Hydrophobic amino acids tend to be located where in proteins?
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Acidic amino acids have R groups that are what charge?
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Basic amino acids have R groups that are what charge?
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What are the nine nonpolar hydrophobic amino acids?
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What are the six polar hydrophilic amino acids?
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Are the basic and acidic amino acids considered hydrophilic?
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What hydrophobic amino acid is the exception and could interact with water?
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Study Notes
Amino Acid Characteristics
- Alanine: Nonpolar, aliphatic amino acid.
- Valine: Nonpolar, branched-chain amino acid, hydrophobic.
- Isoleucine: Nonpolar, branched-chain amino acid with hydrophobic properties.
- Leucine: Nonpolar, branched-chain amino acid crucial for protein synthesis.
- Methionine: Contains a sulfur atom, nonpolar, initiates protein synthesis.
- Tyrosine: Polar, can engage in hydrogen bonding; derived from phenylalanine.
- Tryptophan: Nonpolar, precursors to serotonin, has aromatic structure.
- Phenylalanine: Aromatic, nonpolar; needed for synthesizing tyrosine.
- Aspartate: Acidic, negatively charged side chain; involved in metabolic pathways.
- Glutamate: Acidic, important neurotransmitter in the brain, negatively charged.
- Acidic Amino Acids: Aspartate and Glutamate, known for their negatively charged R groups.
- Lysine: Basic, positively charged side chain; involved in protein interaction.
- Arginine: Basic, can donate protons; involved in metabolic functions.
- Histidine: Basic, can switch between charged and uncharged states, vital for enzyme activity.
Polar Amino Acids
- Serine: Polar, contains hydroxyl group; contributes to hydrogen bonds.
- Threonine: Similar to serine, has a hydroxyl group; polar and hydrophilic.
- Asparagine: Polar, possesses a carboxyamide group; involved in hydrogen bonding.
- Glutamine: Similar to asparagine, polar with carboxyamide group; important for nitrogen transport.
- Cysteine: Contains a thiol group, can form disulfide bonds, stabilizing protein structure.
Other Amino Acid Features
- Glycine: Simplest amino acid, fits into tight spaces within proteins due to its small size.
- Proline: Unique imino acid, introduces rigidity in protein structure; often found in turns.
- Hydrophobic Amino Acids: Tend to be buried inside proteins to avoid contact with water (e.g., Glycine, Alanine, Methionine).
- Polar Amino Acids: Include Serine, Threonine, Asparagine, Glutamine, and Cysteine; facilitate hydrogen bonding.
Charge Characteristics
- Acidic Amino Acids: Exhibit negatively charged side chains.
- Basic Amino Acids: Feature positively charged side chains, crucial for interactions with negatively charged groups.
Unique Properties
- Histidine: Unique ability to switch charge based on local pH; involved in enzyme catalysis and protein function.
- Tyrosine: Exceptionally hydrophobic amino acid that can still interact with water due to its hydroxyl group.
Common Groupings
- Nonpolar Hydrophobic Amino Acids: Include Glycine, Alanine, Leucine, Isoleucine, Valine, Proline, Tryptophan, Phenylalanine, Methionine.
- Polar Hydrophilic Amino Acids: Include Serine, Threonine, Tyrosine, Asparagine, Glutamine, Cysteine.
General Knowledge
- Hydrophilic Amino Acids: Basic and acidic amino acids are considered hydrophilic due to their charge properties.
Studying That Suits You
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Description
Test your knowledge of amino acids by identifying their structures in this interactive quiz. Each flashcard presents a different amino acid including alanine, valine, isoleucine, and more. Perfect for students studying biochemistry or molecular biology.
