Amino Acid General Structure and Properties Quiz

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What type of molecules are fatty acids based on their amphipathic nature?

Molecules with only hydrophilic regions

Molecules with a hydrophobic region and a hydrophilic region (correct)

Molecules with only hydrophobic regions

Molecules with alternating hydrophobic and hydrophilic regions

Which organelle oxidizes fatty acids to produce ATP?

Golgi apparatus

Endoplasmic reticulum

Mitochondria (correct)

Lysosome

What is the function of adipose tissue in terms of protection?

Cushions the organs (correct)

Produces ATP

Synthesizes proteins

Insulates the body

Which type of fatty acid configuration involves a double bond in a bent shape?

Cis configuration Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason that lipids are considered a compact fuel reserve compared to carbohydrates?

Store twice as much energy Signup and view all the answers

Which functional groups are present in all amino acids?

Amino and carboxyl groups Signup and view all the answers

Which amino acids have an asymmetric carbon called the alpha carbon?

All amino acids except glycine Signup and view all the answers

At what pH are all amino acids zwitterions?

pH 7 Signup and view all the answers

Where are nonpolar amino acids usually found in proteins?

In the center of the protein Signup and view all the answers

Which type of amino acids are classified as hydrophilic and can form hydrogen bonds?

Polar uncharged amino acids Signup and view all the answers

How does the charge on electrically charged amino acids change with pH?

The charge changes based on the protonation state of the functional groups Signup and view all the answers

Why are most animal fats solid at room temperature?

Because the molecules stack in regular arrays with many contacts between them Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of plant fats in terms of physical state at room temperature?

They are liquid Signup and view all the answers

Which type of oils are considered best for health according to the text?

Monounsaturated oils Signup and view all the answers

What type of fatty acids are associated with heart disease and cancer according to the text?

Saturated fatty acids Signup and view all the answers

What is the main reason plant fats are liquid at room temperature?

Fewer contacts between molecules Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between a polypeptide and a protein?

Polypeptides have a linear order of amino acids, while proteins have a folded active conformation. Signup and view all the answers

How many amino acids are present in oligopeptides?

Less than 10 Signup and view all the answers

In what direction is the linear order of amino acids built during translation?

N to C direction Signup and view all the answers

At what point are peptides classified as proteins?

More than 50 amino acids Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary structure of a protein?

Linear order of amino acids in the polymer Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of chaperones in protein folding?

Facilitate the folding process and shield the protein from unfavorable environmental influences Signup and view all the answers

How can changes in pH, temperature, and salt concentration affect protein structure?

Denature the protein Signup and view all the answers

What is a cofactor in relation to proteins?

A non-protein helper required for some proteins' structure and function Signup and view all the answers

How do chaperonins differ from molecular chaperones like Hsp70?

Chaperonins provide an internal cavity for protein folding, unlike Hsp70. Signup and view all the answers

Can a single amino acid change in a protein's primary structure impact its overall structure and function?

Yes, it has a cascading effect on other structural levels and functional ability. Signup and view all the answers

How do environmental conditions like pH and temperature impact the folding of proteins?

They can denature proteins. Signup and view all the answers