27 Questions
What type of molecules are fatty acids based on their amphipathic nature?
Molecules with a hydrophobic region and a hydrophilic region
Which organelle oxidizes fatty acids to produce ATP?
Mitochondria
What is the function of adipose tissue in terms of protection?
Cushions the organs
Which type of fatty acid configuration involves a double bond in a bent shape?
Cis configuration
What is the primary reason that lipids are considered a compact fuel reserve compared to carbohydrates?
Store twice as much energy
Which functional groups are present in all amino acids?
Amino and carboxyl groups
Which amino acids have an asymmetric carbon called the alpha carbon?
All amino acids except glycine
At what pH are all amino acids zwitterions?
pH 7
Where are nonpolar amino acids usually found in proteins?
In the center of the protein
Which type of amino acids are classified as hydrophilic and can form hydrogen bonds?
Polar uncharged amino acids
How does the charge on electrically charged amino acids change with pH?
The charge changes based on the protonation state of the functional groups
Why are most animal fats solid at room temperature?
Because the molecules stack in regular arrays with many contacts between them
What is a characteristic of plant fats in terms of physical state at room temperature?
They are liquid
Which type of oils are considered best for health according to the text?
Monounsaturated oils
What type of fatty acids are associated with heart disease and cancer according to the text?
Saturated fatty acids
What is the main reason plant fats are liquid at room temperature?
Fewer contacts between molecules
What is the difference between a polypeptide and a protein?
Polypeptides have a linear order of amino acids, while proteins have a folded active conformation.
How many amino acids are present in oligopeptides?
Less than 10
In what direction is the linear order of amino acids built during translation?
N to C direction
At what point are peptides classified as proteins?
More than 50 amino acids
What is the primary structure of a protein?
Linear order of amino acids in the polymer
What is the role of chaperones in protein folding?
Facilitate the folding process and shield the protein from unfavorable environmental influences
How can changes in pH, temperature, and salt concentration affect protein structure?
Denature the protein
What is a cofactor in relation to proteins?
A non-protein helper required for some proteins' structure and function
How do chaperonins differ from molecular chaperones like Hsp70?
Chaperonins provide an internal cavity for protein folding, unlike Hsp70.
Can a single amino acid change in a protein's primary structure impact its overall structure and function?
Yes, it has a cascading effect on other structural levels and functional ability.
How do environmental conditions like pH and temperature impact the folding of proteins?
They can denature proteins.
Test your knowledge on the general structure and properties of amino acids, including the presence of amino and carboxyl groups, asymmetric carbon, optical isomers, and zwitterions at pH 7.
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