American Colonialism in the Philippines
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Questions and Answers

What was the main intention of President William McKinley regarding the Filipinos?

  • To educate, uplift, civilize, and Christianize them (correct)
  • To exploit the resources of the Philippines for the US
  • To establish a military dictatorship in the Philippines
  • To grant immediate independence to the Philippines

Which act prohibited Filipinos from expressing support for independence?

  • Sedition Act (correct)
  • Treason Act
  • Brigandage Act
  • Reconcentration Act

What role did William Howard Taft play in the American colonial government in the Philippines?

  • He served as the chairman of the Philippine Commission (correct)
  • He was the last governor-general before independence
  • He was the first military governor of the Philippines
  • He led a major revolt against American rule

What was the purpose of the Pacification campaign initiated by the US?

<p>To respond to widespread Filipino revolts for independence (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'bureaucratic government' refer to in the context of American colonial rule?

<p>A body of appointed officials forming administrative policy (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary function of the Philippine Commission until 1907?

<p>To serve as the legislative body of the government (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What significant event occurred on October 16, 1907 in the Philippines?

<p>The assembly was inaugurated with Sergio Osmeña as speaker (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which act was designed to limit the formation of organizations or national movements by Filipinos?

<p>Brigandage Act (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What significant event allowed the United States to gain control of the Philippines?

<p>Treaty of Paris (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What law abolished the Philippine Commission in 1916?

<p>The Jones Law (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Under the Jones Law, what powers were given to the Philippine Legislature?

<p>General legislative powers with certain limitations (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the first phase of the Philippine-American War characterized by?

<p>Aguinaldo’s failed attempts to fight a conventional war (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did Emilio Aguinaldo declare on June 12, 1898?

<p>The independence of the Philippines (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What form of warfare did Filipinos shift to during the second phase of the conflict?

<p>Guerilla-style warfare (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who was in command of the American forces against Aguinaldo during the conflict?

<p>General Arthur MacArthur Jr. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was one major consequence of the advanced weaponry of the U.S. army?

<p>Dissipation of most of Filipino resistance (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Treaty of Paris (1898)

The 1898 treaty that officially transferred control of the Philippines from Spain to the United States.

Americanization of the Philippines

The American policy of assimilating Filipinos through education, civilization, and Christianization.

William Howard Taft

The first civil governor of the Philippines, appointed by President McKinley in 1901. He played a key role in establishing the American bureaucratic model of government.

Philippine Commission

The legislative body of the Philippines under American colonial rule. Initially served as the upper house.

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Bureaucratic Government

A system of government where unelected officials form a policy-making body. The US implemented this system in the Philippines.

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Pacification Campaign

The American campaign to suppress Filipino resistance to colonial rule. They targeted rebel properties and movements.

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Sedition Act (1901)

Passed in 1901, this Act criminalized Filipino expressions of support for self-determination and independence.

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Reconcentration Act (1903)

A 1903 law that forcibly displaced Filipinos from rural areas to prevent them from aiding guerrilla fighters.

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Establishment of the Philippine Legislature (1916)

The Philippine Legislature was established in 1916, consisting of the Senate and the House of Representatives. This was a significant step towards greater Filipino self-governance.

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Limitations on Philippine Legislative Powers (Jones Law)

The Jones Law of 1916 granted the Philippine Legislature general legislative powers, but with limitations. Laws affecting immigration, currency, coinage, tariffs, public lands, timber, and mining required the approval of the US President.

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Filipino Participation in Government under Jones Law

The Jones Law empowered Filipinos to participate more in government by giving them the power to confirm appointments of officers in the Executive and Judicial Branches.

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First Philippine Republic and Resistance (1899-1902)

The First Philippine Republic, led by Emilio Aguinaldo, fought for independence against the US for three years following the American takeover.

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Early Stages of the Philippine-American War (1899)

The early stages of the Philippine-American War (February-November 1899) saw Aguinaldo attempting conventional warfare against the better-equipped US army.

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Filipino Shift to Guerrilla Warfare

After facing setbacks in conventional warfare, the Filipino resistance shifted to guerrilla warfare, aiming to exhaust the US's resources and pressure them to negotiate.

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Challenges Faced by Filipino Resistance

Despite their resilience, the Filipinos faced difficulties against the advanced weaponry of the US army and the help of the Macabebe Scouts, leading to the eventual decline of organized resistance.

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US Control over the Philippines (1898-1902)

This period signified the beginning of US control over the Philippines, marking a shift in the country's political landscape.

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Study Notes

American Colonialism in the Philippines

  • The Philippines became part of the US after the Treaty of Paris in December 1898.
  • The US paid Spain $20 million for the archipelago.
  • William McKinley led the colonial administration, aiming to educate, civilize, and Christianize Filipinos.
  • William Howard Taft was appointed first civil governor in 1901.
  • The Philippine Commission, a legislative body, governed until 1907.
  • A bureaucratic government model was introduced.
  • Pacification campaigns were launched in response to Filipino revolts.
  • Laws such as the Sedition Act (1901), Brigandage Act (1902), and Reconcentration Act (1903) were implemented.

Philippine-American War

  • Emilio Aguinaldo declared Philippine independence in 1898, but it was challenged by the US.
  • A revolutionary government fought against the US beginning in February 1899.
  • Aguinaldo led his forces, initially attempting conventional warfare, but transitioned to guerilla tactics.
  • The war ended in 1902 with Aguinaldo's capture.

Philippine Government Structure

  • The Philippine Assembly was established as the lower house with Manuel L. Quezon as a leader
  • The Philippine Commission functioned as the upper house.
  • Together they formed the Philippine Legislature.
  • The Jones Law of 1916 abolished the Philippine Commission
  • The Philippine Legislature gained broad powers, although some laws needed US approval.

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Description

Explore the complex history of American colonialism in the Philippines, starting from the Treaty of Paris in 1898. Delve into the Philippine-American War and the efforts of key figures like Emilio Aguinaldo and William McKinley to shape the archipelago's future. This quiz examines significant laws, governance, and the socio-political landscape during this transformative period.

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