Microbiology of Dermatitis and Pulmonary Vascular Pathology BMS
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Questions and Answers

Which gene is most importantly implicated in the pathogenesis of Atopic Dermatitis?

  • FLG gene (correct)
  • TP53 gene
  • EGFR gene
  • BRCA1 gene

    • In which age group is flexural eczema or lichenification commonly seen in Atopic Dermatitis?

  • Children (correct)
  • Adults
  • Teenagers
  • Infants

    • What is a common feature of individuals with Atopic Dermatitis regarding their immunological response?

  • Elevated levels of B cells
  • Immunoglobulin E reactivity (correct)
  • Increased T cell count
  • Lowered levels of NK cells

    • What is the estimated prevalence of Atopic Dermatitis in adults in the United States, Germany, and Japan?

    <p>3% to 7%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which demographic group has a higher prevalence of Atopic Dermatitis based on observed data?

    <p>Females</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the classic presentation of Allergic Contact Dermatitis (ACD)?

    <p>Pruritic, eczematous dermatitis localized to the primary site of allergen exposure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What kind of patterns of involvement are suggestive of an exogenous etiology in ACD?

    <p>Geometric, linear, or focal patterns</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which lesions dominate in the subacute stage of Allergic Contact Dermatitis?

    <p>Ruptured vesicles that ooze</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of hypersensitivity reaction does ACD represent?

    <p>Cell-mediated (type IV), delayed hypersensitivity reaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptom occurs more typically in Allergic Contact Dermatitis than a burning sensation?

    <p>Pruritus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of lesions are characteristic of acute lesions in Atopic Dermatitis?

    <p>Erythematous papulovesicles with pinpoint crusting or frank weeping</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes eczematous lesions in Atopic Dermatitis from those in conditions like allergic contact dermatitis?

    <p>They cannot be readily distinguished clinically or histologically</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of lesions are common in patients with darker skin tones suffering from Atopic Dermatitis?

    <p>Follicular accentuation flat-topped papules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In Atopic Dermatitis, how do patients often present in terms of their eczematous lesions?

    <p>With a mixture of both acute and chronic lesions in multiple areas of the body simultaneously</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the distribution of eczematous lesions vary in Atopic Dermatitis patients?

    <p>According to the patient’s age and disease activity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of hypersensitivity reaction is allergic contact dermatitis?

    <p>Type IV</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following clinical manifestations is characteristic of the acute phase of allergic contact dermatitis?

    <p>Pruritus, erythema, and vesicles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In patients with chronic allergic contact dermatitis, what skin changes may be observed beyond the areas of direct exposure?

    <p>Fissuring, lichenification, and pigmentary changes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component is considered a key clue to allergy in the history of a patient suspected of allergic contact dermatitis?

    <p>Itch and swelling</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the diagnostic test of choice to identify causal allergens in patients with persistent or recurrent dermatitis suspected to be allergic contact dermatitis?

    <p>Patch testing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which area is usually spared in infants with Atopic Dermatitis?

    <p>Diaper area</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In older children and those with long-standing skin disease, where is the rash typically localized in Atopic Dermatitis?

    <p>Flexural folds of the extremities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common manifestation seen in adults with Atopic Dermatitis?

    <p>Chronic hand eczema</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition may at least one third of patients with Atopic Dermatitis exhibit as a clinical feature of filaggrin deficiency?

    <p>Ichthyosis vulgaris</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptom may persist into adulthood for individuals who had Atopic Dermatitis during infancy?

    <p>Prone to itching and inflammation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which clinical feature is associated with genetic defects encoding the filaggrin protein in patients with Atopic Dermatitis?

    <p>Eosinophilia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can lead to the downregulation of cornified envelope genes in Atopic Dermatitis, causing a decrease in skin barrier function?

    <p>Exposure to exogenous proteases from house dust mites</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which complication of Atopic Dermatitis is potentially life-threatening and presents with generalized redness, scaling, weeping, crusting, systemic toxicity, lymphadenopathy, and fever?

    <p>Exfoliative dermatitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of skin barrier damage in Atopic Dermatitis due to the addition of soap and detergents to the skin?

    <p>Raised skin pH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which immune activation marker is typically elevated in patients with Atopic Dermatitis as part of their comorbidities?

    <p>Total and specific serum IgE</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the hallmark symptom of Atopic Dermatitis?

    <p>Itch</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the prevalence peak of Atopic Dermatitis in early childhood in industrialized countries?

    <p>15% to 20%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which comorbidities are often associated with Atopic Dermatitis?

    <p>Allergic Asthma and Allergic Rhinitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can the itch associated with Atopic Dermatitis lead to in severe cases?

    <p>Excoriated, infection-prone skin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does Atopic Dermatitis primarily begin?

    <p>Childhood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can patients with Atopic Dermatitis experience due to the unrelenting itch in severe cases?

    <p>Sleep disturbance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship of irritant dermatitis to atopic dermatitis and contact dermatitis?

    <p>Irritant dermatitis shares some pathogenesis with contact dermatitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does Atopic Dermatitis impact the quality of life of patients?

    <p>Significantly impaired quality of life</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the natural course of Atopic Dermatitis?

    <p>Variable rates of remission, with many patients continuing or recurring with symptoms into adulthood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of Atopic Dermatitis?

    <p>Genetic, immune, and environmental interactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between seborrheic dermatitis and atopic dermatitis?

    <p>Seborrheic dermatitis and atopic dermatitis share common genetic and environmental risk factors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How would you relate stasis dermatitis to atopic dermatitis?

    <p>Stasis dermatitis and atopic dermatitis can both lead to impaired skin barrier function.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the hallmark symptom of atopic dermatitis?

    <p>Unrelenting itch</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do patients with seborrheic dermatitis typically present in terms of clinical features?

    <p>They commonly have sebaceous gland overactivity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary etiology of atopic dermatitis?

    <p>Genetic, immune, and environmental interactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of hypersensitivity reaction characterizes Allergic Contact Dermatitis?

    <p>Type IV</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What skin changes may be observed in chronic Allergic Contact Dermatitis beyond the areas of direct exposure?

    <p>Hyperpigmentation and exfoliation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary diagnostic test for identifying causal allergens in patients suspected of Allergic Contact Dermatitis?

    <p>Patch testing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key component in the history of a patient with suspected Allergic Contact Dermatitis that may provide a clue to allergy?

    <p>Pruritus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mainstay of treatment for Allergic Contact Dermatitis?

    <p>Allergen avoidance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What skin barrier function is decreased in Atopic Dermatitis due to endogenous proteases and soap?

    <p>Ceramide levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which immune activation marker is typically elevated in patients with Atopic Dermatitis as part of their comorbidities?

    <p>Total serum IgE</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary pathology that leads to exfoliative dermatitis in Atopic Dermatitis?

    <p>Generalized redness and scaling</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition can be potentially life-threatening and presents with systemic toxicity, lymphadenopathy, and fever in Atopic Dermatitis?

    <p>Bacterial infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor contributes to the enhancement of transepidermal water loss in Atopic Dermatitis?

    <p>Reduced ceramide levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which genetic defect is most prominently implicated in the pathogenesis of Atopic Dermatitis?

    <p>FLG gene</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which demographic group has there been a significant increase in the prevalence of Atopic Dermatitis since the 1960s?

    <p>Children</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of dermatitis is characterized by erythema, greasy scales, and pruritus primarily affecting sebaceous gland-rich areas of the body?

    <p>Seborrheic Dermatitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the clinical features of Stasis Dermatitis that distinguishes it from other forms of dermatitis?

    <p>Involvement of lower legs and ankles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What skin manifestation is commonly observed in patients with Atopic Dermatitis due to alterations in immunologic responses and skin barrier defects?

    <p>Lichenification</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In infants with Atopic Dermatitis, which areas are generally involved based on the text?

    <p>Face, scalp, and extensor surfaces of extremities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common manifestation of Atopic Dermatitis in adults according to the text?

    <p>Chronic hand eczema</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What feature may persist in adults who had Atopic Dermatitis during infancy?

    <p>Lichenification</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition may affect patients with Atopic Dermatitis who have long-standing skin disease?

    <p>Stasis Dermatitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which clinical feature is associated with genetic defects encoding the filaggrin protein in patients with Atopic Dermatitis?

    <p>Ichthyosis vulgaris</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of hypersensitivity reaction does Allergic Contact Dermatitis (ACD) represent?

    <p>Type IV</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key symptom for Allergic Contact Dermatitis (ACD) that seems to occur more typically than a burning sensation?

    <p>Pruritus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of acute lesions in Allergic Contact Dermatitis (ACD)?

    <p>Edematous and erythematous</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In Allergic Contact Dermatitis (ACD), what distinguishes the morphology of subacute lesions?

    <p>Scaly juicy papules associated with weeping and crusting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which clinical feature is suggestive of an exogenous etiology in Allergic Contact Dermatitis (ACD)?

    <p>Geometric patterns of involvement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What contributes to increased allergen absorption into the skin and microbial colonization in individuals with atopic skin?

    <p>Decreased skin barrier function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which protein, when mutated, plays a key role in impaired skin barrier function in individuals with Atopic Dermatitis?

    <p>FILAGGRIN</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which gene is located on chromosome 1q21 and is involved in the epidermal differentiation complex (EDC)?

    <p>FILAGGRIN</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can occur in normal healthy individuals that may lead to impaired skin barrier function similar to that seen in Atopic Dermatitis?

    <p>Filaggrin gene mutations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What could potentially be a life-threatening complication of Atopic Dermatitis characterized by systemic toxicity and fever?

    <p>Eczema herpeticum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In patients with Atopic Dermatitis, which gene mutation involving the epidermal barrier protein is specifically mentioned as contributing to skin inflammation?

    <p>Filaggrin mutation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is characterized by generalized redness, scaling, weeping, and crusting and can lead to lymphadenopathy and systemic toxicity?

    <p>Eczema Herpeticum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What makes epicutaneous sensitization to allergen more likely in individuals with Atopic Dermatitis?

    <p>Impaired skin barrier function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which anatomical feature allows for increased transepidermal water loss in patients with Atopic Dermatitis due to loss of function mutations?

    <p>Stratum corneum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What could be a reason for increased allergen sensitization in children with Atopic Dermatitis according to the text?

    <p>Impaired skin barrier function</p> Signup and view all the answers

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