Microbiology of Dermatitis and Pulmonary Vascular Pathology BMS

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Which gene is most importantly implicated in the pathogenesis of Atopic Dermatitis?

FLG gene (correct)

TP53 gene

EGFR gene

BRCA1 gene

In which age group is flexural eczema or lichenification commonly seen in Atopic Dermatitis?

Children (correct)

Adults

Teenagers

Infants

What is a common feature of individuals with Atopic Dermatitis regarding their immunological response?

Elevated levels of B cells

Immunoglobulin E reactivity (correct)

Increased T cell count

Lowered levels of NK cells

What is the estimated prevalence of Atopic Dermatitis in adults in the United States, Germany, and Japan?

3% to 7% Signup and view all the answers

Which demographic group has a higher prevalence of Atopic Dermatitis based on observed data?

Females Signup and view all the answers

What is the classic presentation of Allergic Contact Dermatitis (ACD)?

Pruritic, eczematous dermatitis localized to the primary site of allergen exposure Signup and view all the answers

What kind of patterns of involvement are suggestive of an exogenous etiology in ACD?

Geometric, linear, or focal patterns Signup and view all the answers

Which lesions dominate in the subacute stage of Allergic Contact Dermatitis?

Ruptured vesicles that ooze Signup and view all the answers

What type of hypersensitivity reaction does ACD represent?

Cell-mediated (type IV), delayed hypersensitivity reaction Signup and view all the answers

Which symptom occurs more typically in Allergic Contact Dermatitis than a burning sensation?

Pruritus Signup and view all the answers

What type of lesions are characteristic of acute lesions in Atopic Dermatitis?

Erythematous papulovesicles with pinpoint crusting or frank weeping Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes eczematous lesions in Atopic Dermatitis from those in conditions like allergic contact dermatitis?

They cannot be readily distinguished clinically or histologically Signup and view all the answers

What type of lesions are common in patients with darker skin tones suffering from Atopic Dermatitis?

Follicular accentuation flat-topped papules Signup and view all the answers

In Atopic Dermatitis, how do patients often present in terms of their eczematous lesions?

With a mixture of both acute and chronic lesions in multiple areas of the body simultaneously Signup and view all the answers

How does the distribution of eczematous lesions vary in Atopic Dermatitis patients?

According to the patient’s age and disease activity Signup and view all the answers

What type of hypersensitivity reaction is allergic contact dermatitis?

Type IV Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following clinical manifestations is characteristic of the acute phase of allergic contact dermatitis?

Pruritus, erythema, and vesicles Signup and view all the answers

In patients with chronic allergic contact dermatitis, what skin changes may be observed beyond the areas of direct exposure?

Fissuring, lichenification, and pigmentary changes Signup and view all the answers

Which component is considered a key clue to allergy in the history of a patient suspected of allergic contact dermatitis?

Itch and swelling Signup and view all the answers

What is the diagnostic test of choice to identify causal allergens in patients with persistent or recurrent dermatitis suspected to be allergic contact dermatitis?

Patch testing Signup and view all the answers

Which area is usually spared in infants with Atopic Dermatitis?

Diaper area Signup and view all the answers

In older children and those with long-standing skin disease, where is the rash typically localized in Atopic Dermatitis?

Flexural folds of the extremities Signup and view all the answers

What is a common manifestation seen in adults with Atopic Dermatitis?

Chronic hand eczema Signup and view all the answers

Which condition may at least one third of patients with Atopic Dermatitis exhibit as a clinical feature of filaggrin deficiency?

Ichthyosis vulgaris Signup and view all the answers

Which symptom may persist into adulthood for individuals who had Atopic Dermatitis during infancy?

Prone to itching and inflammation Signup and view all the answers

Which clinical feature is associated with genetic defects encoding the filaggrin protein in patients with Atopic Dermatitis?

Eosinophilia Signup and view all the answers

What can lead to the downregulation of cornified envelope genes in Atopic Dermatitis, causing a decrease in skin barrier function?

Exposure to exogenous proteases from house dust mites Signup and view all the answers

Which complication of Atopic Dermatitis is potentially life-threatening and presents with generalized redness, scaling, weeping, crusting, systemic toxicity, lymphadenopathy, and fever?

Exfoliative dermatitis Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of skin barrier damage in Atopic Dermatitis due to the addition of soap and detergents to the skin?

Raised skin pH Signup and view all the answers

Which immune activation marker is typically elevated in patients with Atopic Dermatitis as part of their comorbidities?

Total and specific serum IgE Signup and view all the answers

What is the hallmark symptom of Atopic Dermatitis?

Itch Signup and view all the answers

What is the prevalence peak of Atopic Dermatitis in early childhood in industrialized countries?

15% to 20% Signup and view all the answers

Which comorbidities are often associated with Atopic Dermatitis?

Allergic Asthma and Allergic Rhinitis Signup and view all the answers

What can the itch associated with Atopic Dermatitis lead to in severe cases?

Excoriated, infection-prone skin Signup and view all the answers

How does Atopic Dermatitis primarily begin?

Childhood Signup and view all the answers

What can patients with Atopic Dermatitis experience due to the unrelenting itch in severe cases?

Sleep disturbance Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship of irritant dermatitis to atopic dermatitis and contact dermatitis?

Irritant dermatitis shares some pathogenesis with contact dermatitis Signup and view all the answers

How does Atopic Dermatitis impact the quality of life of patients?

Significantly impaired quality of life Signup and view all the answers

What is the natural course of Atopic Dermatitis?

Variable rates of remission, with many patients continuing or recurring with symptoms into adulthood Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of Atopic Dermatitis?

Genetic, immune, and environmental interactions Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between seborrheic dermatitis and atopic dermatitis?

Seborrheic dermatitis and atopic dermatitis share common genetic and environmental risk factors. Signup and view all the answers

How would you relate stasis dermatitis to atopic dermatitis?

Stasis dermatitis and atopic dermatitis can both lead to impaired skin barrier function. Signup and view all the answers

What is the hallmark symptom of atopic dermatitis?

Unrelenting itch Signup and view all the answers

How do patients with seborrheic dermatitis typically present in terms of clinical features?

They commonly have sebaceous gland overactivity. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary etiology of atopic dermatitis?

Genetic, immune, and environmental interactions Signup and view all the answers

Which type of hypersensitivity reaction characterizes Allergic Contact Dermatitis?

Type IV Signup and view all the answers

What skin changes may be observed in chronic Allergic Contact Dermatitis beyond the areas of direct exposure?

Hyperpigmentation and exfoliation Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary diagnostic test for identifying causal allergens in patients suspected of Allergic Contact Dermatitis?

Patch testing Signup and view all the answers

What is the key component in the history of a patient with suspected Allergic Contact Dermatitis that may provide a clue to allergy?

Pruritus Signup and view all the answers

What is the mainstay of treatment for Allergic Contact Dermatitis?

Allergen avoidance Signup and view all the answers

What skin barrier function is decreased in Atopic Dermatitis due to endogenous proteases and soap?

Ceramide levels Signup and view all the answers

Which immune activation marker is typically elevated in patients with Atopic Dermatitis as part of their comorbidities?

Total serum IgE Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary pathology that leads to exfoliative dermatitis in Atopic Dermatitis?

Generalized redness and scaling Signup and view all the answers

Which condition can be potentially life-threatening and presents with systemic toxicity, lymphadenopathy, and fever in Atopic Dermatitis?

Bacterial infection Signup and view all the answers

Which factor contributes to the enhancement of transepidermal water loss in Atopic Dermatitis?

Reduced ceramide levels Signup and view all the answers

Which genetic defect is most prominently implicated in the pathogenesis of Atopic Dermatitis?

FLG gene Signup and view all the answers

In which demographic group has there been a significant increase in the prevalence of Atopic Dermatitis since the 1960s?

Children Signup and view all the answers

Which type of dermatitis is characterized by erythema, greasy scales, and pruritus primarily affecting sebaceous gland-rich areas of the body?

Seborrheic Dermatitis Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the clinical features of Stasis Dermatitis that distinguishes it from other forms of dermatitis?

Involvement of lower legs and ankles Signup and view all the answers

What skin manifestation is commonly observed in patients with Atopic Dermatitis due to alterations in immunologic responses and skin barrier defects?

Lichenification Signup and view all the answers

In infants with Atopic Dermatitis, which areas are generally involved based on the text?

Face, scalp, and extensor surfaces of extremities Signup and view all the answers

What is a common manifestation of Atopic Dermatitis in adults according to the text?

Chronic hand eczema Signup and view all the answers

What feature may persist in adults who had Atopic Dermatitis during infancy?

Lichenification Signup and view all the answers

What condition may affect patients with Atopic Dermatitis who have long-standing skin disease?

Stasis Dermatitis Signup and view all the answers

Which clinical feature is associated with genetic defects encoding the filaggrin protein in patients with Atopic Dermatitis?

Ichthyosis vulgaris Signup and view all the answers

What type of hypersensitivity reaction does Allergic Contact Dermatitis (ACD) represent?

Type IV Signup and view all the answers

What is a key symptom for Allergic Contact Dermatitis (ACD) that seems to occur more typically than a burning sensation?

Pruritus Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of acute lesions in Allergic Contact Dermatitis (ACD)?

Edematous and erythematous Signup and view all the answers

In Allergic Contact Dermatitis (ACD), what distinguishes the morphology of subacute lesions?

Scaly juicy papules associated with weeping and crusting Signup and view all the answers

Which clinical feature is suggestive of an exogenous etiology in Allergic Contact Dermatitis (ACD)?

Geometric patterns of involvement Signup and view all the answers

What contributes to increased allergen absorption into the skin and microbial colonization in individuals with atopic skin?

Decreased skin barrier function Signup and view all the answers

Which protein, when mutated, plays a key role in impaired skin barrier function in individuals with Atopic Dermatitis?

FILAGGRIN Signup and view all the answers

Which gene is located on chromosome 1q21 and is involved in the epidermal differentiation complex (EDC)?

FILAGGRIN Signup and view all the answers

What can occur in normal healthy individuals that may lead to impaired skin barrier function similar to that seen in Atopic Dermatitis?

Filaggrin gene mutations Signup and view all the answers

What could potentially be a life-threatening complication of Atopic Dermatitis characterized by systemic toxicity and fever?

Eczema herpeticum Signup and view all the answers

In patients with Atopic Dermatitis, which gene mutation involving the epidermal barrier protein is specifically mentioned as contributing to skin inflammation?

Filaggrin mutation Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is characterized by generalized redness, scaling, weeping, and crusting and can lead to lymphadenopathy and systemic toxicity?

Eczema Herpeticum Signup and view all the answers

What makes epicutaneous sensitization to allergen more likely in individuals with Atopic Dermatitis?

Impaired skin barrier function Signup and view all the answers

Which anatomical feature allows for increased transepidermal water loss in patients with Atopic Dermatitis due to loss of function mutations?

Stratum corneum Signup and view all the answers

What could be a reason for increased allergen sensitization in children with Atopic Dermatitis according to the text?

Impaired skin barrier function Signup and view all the answers

Microbiology of Dermatitis and Pulmonary Vascular Pathology BMS

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Questions and Answers

Which gene is most importantly implicated in the pathogenesis of Atopic Dermatitis?

In which age group is flexural eczema or lichenification commonly seen in Atopic Dermatitis?

What is a common feature of individuals with Atopic Dermatitis regarding their immunological response?

What is the estimated prevalence of Atopic Dermatitis in adults in the United States, Germany, and Japan?

Which demographic group has a higher prevalence of Atopic Dermatitis based on observed data?

What is the classic presentation of Allergic Contact Dermatitis (ACD)?

What kind of patterns of involvement are suggestive of an exogenous etiology in ACD?

Which lesions dominate in the subacute stage of Allergic Contact Dermatitis?

What type of hypersensitivity reaction does ACD represent?

Which symptom occurs more typically in Allergic Contact Dermatitis than a burning sensation?

What type of lesions are characteristic of acute lesions in Atopic Dermatitis?

What distinguishes eczematous lesions in Atopic Dermatitis from those in conditions like allergic contact dermatitis?

What type of lesions are common in patients with darker skin tones suffering from Atopic Dermatitis?

In Atopic Dermatitis, how do patients often present in terms of their eczematous lesions?

How does the distribution of eczematous lesions vary in Atopic Dermatitis patients?

What type of hypersensitivity reaction is allergic contact dermatitis?

Which of the following clinical manifestations is characteristic of the acute phase of allergic contact dermatitis?

In patients with chronic allergic contact dermatitis, what skin changes may be observed beyond the areas of direct exposure?

Which component is considered a key clue to allergy in the history of a patient suspected of allergic contact dermatitis?

What is the diagnostic test of choice to identify causal allergens in patients with persistent or recurrent dermatitis suspected to be allergic contact dermatitis?

Which area is usually spared in infants with Atopic Dermatitis?

In older children and those with long-standing skin disease, where is the rash typically localized in Atopic Dermatitis?

What is a common manifestation seen in adults with Atopic Dermatitis?

Which condition may at least one third of patients with Atopic Dermatitis exhibit as a clinical feature of filaggrin deficiency?

Which symptom may persist into adulthood for individuals who had Atopic Dermatitis during infancy?

Which clinical feature is associated with genetic defects encoding the filaggrin protein in patients with Atopic Dermatitis?

What can lead to the downregulation of cornified envelope genes in Atopic Dermatitis, causing a decrease in skin barrier function?

Which complication of Atopic Dermatitis is potentially life-threatening and presents with generalized redness, scaling, weeping, crusting, systemic toxicity, lymphadenopathy, and fever?

What is the primary cause of skin barrier damage in Atopic Dermatitis due to the addition of soap and detergents to the skin?

Which immune activation marker is typically elevated in patients with Atopic Dermatitis as part of their comorbidities?

What is the hallmark symptom of Atopic Dermatitis?

What is the prevalence peak of Atopic Dermatitis in early childhood in industrialized countries?

Which comorbidities are often associated with Atopic Dermatitis?

What can the itch associated with Atopic Dermatitis lead to in severe cases?

How does Atopic Dermatitis primarily begin?

What can patients with Atopic Dermatitis experience due to the unrelenting itch in severe cases?

What is the relationship of irritant dermatitis to atopic dermatitis and contact dermatitis?

How does Atopic Dermatitis impact the quality of life of patients?

What is the natural course of Atopic Dermatitis?

What is the primary cause of Atopic Dermatitis?

What is the relationship between seborrheic dermatitis and atopic dermatitis?

How would you relate stasis dermatitis to atopic dermatitis?

What is the hallmark symptom of atopic dermatitis?

How do patients with seborrheic dermatitis typically present in terms of clinical features?

What is the primary etiology of atopic dermatitis?

Which type of hypersensitivity reaction characterizes Allergic Contact Dermatitis?

What skin changes may be observed in chronic Allergic Contact Dermatitis beyond the areas of direct exposure?

What is the primary diagnostic test for identifying causal allergens in patients suspected of Allergic Contact Dermatitis?

What is the key component in the history of a patient with suspected Allergic Contact Dermatitis that may provide a clue to allergy?

What is the mainstay of treatment for Allergic Contact Dermatitis?

What skin barrier function is decreased in Atopic Dermatitis due to endogenous proteases and soap?

Which immune activation marker is typically elevated in patients with Atopic Dermatitis as part of their comorbidities?

What is the primary pathology that leads to exfoliative dermatitis in Atopic Dermatitis?

Which condition can be potentially life-threatening and presents with systemic toxicity, lymphadenopathy, and fever in Atopic Dermatitis?

Which factor contributes to the enhancement of transepidermal water loss in Atopic Dermatitis?

Which genetic defect is most prominently implicated in the pathogenesis of Atopic Dermatitis?

In which demographic group has there been a significant increase in the prevalence of Atopic Dermatitis since the 1960s?

Which type of dermatitis is characterized by erythema, greasy scales, and pruritus primarily affecting sebaceous gland-rich areas of the body?

What is one of the clinical features of Stasis Dermatitis that distinguishes it from other forms of dermatitis?

What skin manifestation is commonly observed in patients with Atopic Dermatitis due to alterations in immunologic responses and skin barrier defects?

In infants with Atopic Dermatitis, which areas are generally involved based on the text?

What is a common manifestation of Atopic Dermatitis in adults according to the text?

What feature may persist in adults who had Atopic Dermatitis during infancy?

What condition may affect patients with Atopic Dermatitis who have long-standing skin disease?

Which clinical feature is associated with genetic defects encoding the filaggrin protein in patients with Atopic Dermatitis?

What type of hypersensitivity reaction does Allergic Contact Dermatitis (ACD) represent?

What is a key symptom for Allergic Contact Dermatitis (ACD) that seems to occur more typically than a burning sensation?

What is a characteristic of acute lesions in Allergic Contact Dermatitis (ACD)?

In Allergic Contact Dermatitis (ACD), what distinguishes the morphology of subacute lesions?

Which clinical feature is suggestive of an exogenous etiology in Allergic Contact Dermatitis (ACD)?

What contributes to increased allergen absorption into the skin and microbial colonization in individuals with atopic skin?

Which protein, when mutated, plays a key role in impaired skin barrier function in individuals with Atopic Dermatitis?

Which gene is located on chromosome 1q21 and is involved in the epidermal differentiation complex (EDC)?

What can occur in normal healthy individuals that may lead to impaired skin barrier function similar to that seen in Atopic Dermatitis?

What could potentially be a life-threatening complication of Atopic Dermatitis characterized by systemic toxicity and fever?

In patients with Atopic Dermatitis, which gene mutation involving the epidermal barrier protein is specifically mentioned as contributing to skin inflammation?

Which condition is characterized by generalized redness, scaling, weeping, and crusting and can lead to lymphadenopathy and systemic toxicity?