Questions and Answers
What is the function of aldosterone in the body?
Where is the adrenal gland located?
What is the middle part of the adrenal gland called?
What is necessary for the cortex cells to function?
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What is the role of cholesterol in the cortex cells?
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How many adrenal glands do humans have?
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What is the outer part of the adrenal gland called?
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What is the precursor molecule for the production of aldosterone?
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What triggers the production of aldosterone in the adrenal gland cortex?
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What is the other stimulus for the production of aldosterone?
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Where do the principal cells that aldosterone affects primarily reside?
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What is the primary organ affected by aldosterone?
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What is the name of the blood vessel that enters the glomerulus?
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What is the function of aldosterone?
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What is the name of the capillary that sits next to the principal cells?
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Where is aldosterone produced?
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What is the name of the clump of blood vessels in the kidney?
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What is the other area affected by aldosterone, besides the kidney?
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What is used up in the process of moving sodium from the urine into the blood?
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What is the main solute in the blood that attracts water through osmosis?
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What is the overall effect of aldosterone on blood pressure?
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What happens to potassium levels in the blood due to aldosterone?
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What follows sodium into the blood as a result of aldosterone?
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What system does aldosterone work in conjunction with to regulate blood pressure?
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What is the surface between the principal cell and the filtrate or urine called?
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What is the main solute present in the blood?
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What is the function of the sodium-potassium pump in the cells?
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What is the effect of aldosterone on the sodium-potassium pump?
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What is the second effect of aldosterone on the principal cell?
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What is the net effect of aldosterone on the blood?
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What is the third effect of aldosterone on the principal cell?
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What is the result of sodium entering the cell through the sodium channels induced by aldosterone?
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What is the trigger for the release of aldosterone?
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What is the overall effect of aldosterone on the body?
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Study Notes
Aldosterone Overview
- Aldosterone is a hormone that increases blood pressure
- Produced by the adrenal gland, which sits on top of the kidney
- The adrenal gland has two parts: the medulla (inner area) and the cortex (outer area), and aldosterone is produced in the cortex
Cholesterol and Aldosterone Production
- Cholesterol is present in cortex cells and is necessary for aldosterone production
- Aldosterone is synthesized from cholesterol
- Angiotensin II and high potassium levels are triggers for aldosterone production
Aldosterone Function
- Aldosterone works in the late distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct of the kidney nephron
- Affects the kidney and gut, but primarily the kidney
- Acts on principal cells, which line the nephron, to regulate ion transport
Ion Transport and Sodium-Potassium Pump
- Principal cells have a sodium-potassium pump that maintains a gradient, with high potassium and low sodium inside the cell
- The pump uses ATP to transport 3 sodium ions out and 2 potassium ions in
- Aldosterone increases the activity of the sodium-potassium pump
Aldosterone's Effects on Ion Transport
- Aldosterone:
- Increases sodium potassium pump activity, leading to increased potassium in the cell and sodium in the blood
- Inserts potassium channels, allowing potassium to leave the cell and enter the urine
- Inserts sodium channels, allowing sodium to enter the cell and be pumped into the blood by the sodium-potassium pump
- Net effects: blood loses potassium, gains sodium, and subsequently gains water through osmosis
- Increased sodium and water in the blood lead to increased stroke volume, contributing to increased blood pressure
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Description
Learn about aldosterone, a hormone that regulates blood pressure, and its production in the adrenal gland. Understand the role of cholesterol in aldosterone synthesis.
