Hormones and ECF Control Quiz
37 Questions
0 Views

Hormones and ECF Control Quiz

Created by
@BlitheGallium

Podcast Beta

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What is the physiological role of Atrial Natriuretic Peptide (ANP)?

  • Promotes renin secretion and increases aldosterone production.
  • Decreases glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and promotes Na+ reabsorption.
  • Increases renin activity and promotes vasoconstriction.
  • Dilates the afferent arteriole and inhibits renin secretion. (correct)

    • Which of the following is a stimulant for the release of Atrial Natriuretic Peptide (ANP)?

  • Increased sodium chloride (NaCl) concentration. (correct)
  • Decreased blood pressure (BP).
  • Decreased extracellular fluid (ECF) volume.
  • Increased atrial natriuretic hormone levels.

    • How does Atrial Natriuretic Peptide (ANP) affect the adrenal cortex?

  • It enhances adrenal cortex sensitivity to renin.
  • It reduces aldosterone production. (correct)
  • It increases aldosterone secretion.
  • It stimulates cortisol release.

    • What effect does Atrial Natriuretic Peptide (ANP) have on vascular smooth muscle?

    <p>Induces vasodilation to lower blood pressure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the primary actions of Atrial Natriuretic Peptide (ANP) on the kidneys?

    <p>Decreases sodium reabsorption at various levels.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What primarily regulates sodium (Na+) levels in the extracellular fluid (ECF)?

    <p>Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone is primarily responsible for regulating water levels in relation to osmolarity?

    <p>Anti-Diuretic Hormone (ADH)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What triggers the activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS)?

    <p>Decrease in blood pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following hormones acts to decrease blood volume and pressure?

    <p>Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following hormones is released from the adrenal cortex to regulate sodium reabsorption?

    <p>Aldosterone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The primary function of anti-diuretic hormone (ADH) is to:

    <p>Promote water reabsorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of increased renin secretion on blood pressure?

    <p>Increases blood volume and thus blood pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary origin of Aldosterone?

    <p>Adrenal cortex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) primarily responds to changes in which physiological factor?

    <p>Blood pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which receptors does Aldosterone primarily bind to in the kidney?

    <p>Mineralocorticoid receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does Aldosterone have on potassium (K+) levels in the body?

    <p>Increases K+ secretion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor does NOT increase Aldosterone secretion?

    <p>Decrease in plasma angiotensin II concentration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does Angiotensin II primarily function in the body?

    <p>As a vasoconstrictor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What triggers the release of Aldosterone?

    <p>Increase in plasma K+ concentration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a known antagonist of Aldosterone?

    <p>Spironolactone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of Angiotensin II in relation to Aldosterone secretion?

    <p>Stimulant of Aldosterone secretion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) have on the renin secretion from the JG apparatus of the kidney?

    <p>It decreases renin secretion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following accurately describes the primary function of ADH (Vasopressin)?

    <p>Regulates water balance by increasing water permeability in the kidney.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which receptor does ADH primarily signal through to regulate water reabsorption?

    <p>V2 receptors in the kidney.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main effect of increased ANP secretion on blood volume?

    <p>It facilitates diuresis, leading to a decrease in blood volume.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What triggers the release of vasopressin (ADH) from the posterior pituitary?

    <p>Increased plasma osmolality.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What physiological change does ANP induce in the adrenal cortex?

    <p>Decreases aldosterone secretion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does a high extracellular fluid (ECF) volume have on atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) release?

    <p>Stimulates increased ANP release.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    ADH's effect on sodium regulation is best described as which of the following?

    <p>Has a small effect on sodium excretion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) have on the late distal tubule?

    <p>Increases H2O reabsorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of aldosterone in the renal system?

    <p>Stimulates Na+ reabsorption and K+ secretion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) affect blood volume?

    <p>Inhibits Na+ reabsorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone is primarily responsible for the regulation of plasma osmolarity?

    <p>Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What triggers the release of renin from granular cells?

    <p>Low pressures in the afferent arterioles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following processes is NOT stimulated by angiotensin II?

    <p>K+ reabsorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the renal system, increased aldosterone affects which of the following?

    <p>Stimulates secretion of potassium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone decreases the secretion of ADH?

    <p>Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Overall Control of Extracellular Fluid (ECF)

    • Sodium (Na+) and water regulation contributes to the overall regulation of ECF volume and ECF osmolarity.
    • Na+ regulation responds primarily to changes in blood volume, which is driven by changes in pressure.
    • Water regulation responds primarily to changes in ECF osmolarity and secondarily to ECF volume (pressure)

    Hormones Involved

    • Renin - Angiotensin II - Aldosterone (RAAS)
    • Anti-Diuretic Hormone (ADH; Vasopressin)
    • Atrial Natriuretic Peptide (ANP)

    Aldosterone

    • Aldosterone is a steroid hormone released from the adrenal cortex.
    • It binds to intracellular mineralocorticoid receptors (MR) in the late distal tubule and collecting duct.
    • Increases tubular Na+ reabsorption and tubular K+ secretion by the principal cells.
    • Increased aldosterone is stimulated by increased Angiotensin II and plasma K+ concentrations.
    • Aldosterone is antagonized by spironolactone, a weak diuretic that spares K+.
    • 2-3% of filtered Na+ is under the control of aldosterone, which amounts to 30g of NaCl/day.

    Angiotensin II (Ang II)

    • Produced from the conversion of Angiotensin I into Angiotensin II by Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE) in the lungs.
    • Binds to Angiotensin II Type 1 receptors (AT1R) expressed in several tissues including the adrenal glands and vascular smooth muscle.
    • It has other functions via AT2Rs.
    • Primary functions include being a powerful vasoconstrictor and stimulating aldosterone secretion.

    Atrial Natriuretic Peptide (ANP)

    • Released from the atria of the heart.
    • Stimulants include increased pressures (e.g., ↑NaCl, ↑ ECF volume, ↑ arterial BP).
    • Targets include the renal JGA (increases GFR, inhibits renin), adrenal cortex (reduces Aldosterone), vascular smooth muscle (vasodilation), and hypothalamus (reduces ADH).
    • ANP increases GFR by dilating the afferent arteriole and constricting the efferent arteriole.
    • Decreases NaCl reabsorption by the collecting duct; directly inhibits secretion of renin and aldosterone; directly inhibits Na+ reabsorption by the medullary collecting duct (natriuresis).

    Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH) or Vasopressin

    • ADH is released from the posterior pituitary when plasma osmolality increases or plasma volume decreases.
    • Binds to V1 and V2 receptors; signaling via V2 receptors in the kidney primarily increases water permeability of the principal cells of the late distal tubule and collecting duct via insertion of aquaporins (AQP2) into apical membranes.
    • Most important hormone regulating water balance.
    • ADH has a small effect on NaCl excretion.
    • Also called vasopressin for its powerful vasoconstricting properties via V1 receptors.

    Summary of Hormone Actions

    • Aldosterone increases Na+ reabsorption and K+ secretion in the collecting ducts.
    • ANP inhibits renin, aldosterone, and ADH secretion; decreases Na+ reabsorption and K+ secretion in the late distal tubule and collecting duct.
    • ADH increases H2O reabsorption in the late distal tubule and collecting duct by inserting AQP2 channels into the apical membrane.

    Overall Summary

    • The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) regulates blood volume.
    • Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) regulates plasma osmolarity.
    • There is an interplay between these hormones in maintaining ECF volume and osmolarity.

    Studying That Suits You

    Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

    Quiz Team

    Related Documents

    Midwestern University PHYSG 1501 Lecture 28 (PDF)

    Description

    Test your knowledge on the hormones involved in the regulation of extracellular fluid (ECF), including sodium and water balance. This quiz covers the roles of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), anti-diuretic hormone, and atrial natriuretic peptide. Explore how these hormones interact with aldosterone and others to maintain ECF homeostasis.

    More Like This

    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Open
    Browser
    Browser