Al-Turath University College of Pharmacy Virology Lecture 1
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary basis for distinguishing naked viruses from enveloped viruses?

  • The presence or absence of a viral lipid envelope (correct)
  • The shape of the capsid
  • The method of release from the host cell
  • The type of genetic material

    • Which property of naked viruses makes them stable in a hostile environment?

  • The lack of a lipid sheath (correct)
  • The method of release from the host cell
  • The presence of a viral lipid envelope
  • The presence of a nucleocapsid

    • Which type of virus morphology is represented by Figure (C) in the text?

  • Bacteriophage with a prolate capsid (correct)
  • Brick-shaped virus
  • Helical virus
  • Icosahedral virus

    • Which property of naked viruses allows them to infect the GI tract and survive the acid and bile?

    <p>The lack of a lipid sheath</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the nucleocapsid in naked viruses?

    <p>To allow the virus to enter cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which property of naked viruses allows them to spread easily via hands, dust, and fomites?

    <p>The ability to sustain in a dry environment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of the field of virology?

    <p>The study of viral nature and the relationship between viruses and hosts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What technique allows us to visualize viruses today?

    <p>Electron microscopes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is credited as the original discoverer of viruses and a founder of the field of virology?

    <p>Dmitri Ivanovski</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are viruses not included in the tree of life?

    <p>They are not composed of cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe viruses in relation to their host cells?

    <p>Obligate intracellular parasites</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process by which new virus particles (virions) are formed?

    <p>The viral components are assembled in the host cell by a process called virion assembly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two main components of the viral complex of proteins?

    <p>Structural proteins and Enzymes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of a protomer in viral architecture?

    <p>Binds to nucleic acid periodically</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of symmetry involves protein subunits being bound in a periodic manner to the viral nucleic acid, creating rod-shaped or filamentous virions?

    <p>Helical symmetry</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of cubic symmetry (icosahedral) viral architecture?

    <p>Arrangement of capsomeres in triangular patterns</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are capsomeres composed of protomers important in viral structure?

    <p>They make up the capsid, a protein coat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of virus has a nucleocapsid coiled inside a lipid-containing envelope as part of its structure?

    <p>Orthomyxoviruses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of virions in the viral life cycle?

    <p>To initiate infection in a new host cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about the historical study of viruses is incorrect?

    <p>The term 'virus' is derived from the Latin word for 'poison' or 'slimy matter'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of viruses according to the definition provided?

    <p>Viruses can replicate independently outside of host cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of ribosomes in the viral life cycle?

    <p>To synthesize viral proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about viruses is true?

    <p>Viruses are composed of organic material</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of the host cell's metabolic machinery in the viral life cycle?

    <p>To synthesize viral proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the passage, what is the main idea behind the regressive hypothesis?

    <p>Viruses may have once been small cells that parasitized larger cells, and over time they lost the genes not required for their parasitism.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the passage say about the bacteria rickettsia and chlamydia in relation to the regressive hypothesis?

    <p>They are living cells that can reproduce only inside host cells, which lends support to the regressive hypothesis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main idea behind the cellular origin hypothesis according to the passage?

    <p>Viruses may have evolved from bits of DNA or RNA that &quot;escaped&quot; from the genes of a larger organism.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are transposons, and how do they relate to the cellular origin hypothesis?

    <p>Transposons are molecules of DNA that replicate and move around to different positions within the genes of the cell, and they could be the origin of some viruses.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main criticism of the cellular origin hypothesis mentioned in the passage?

    <p>The cellular origin hypothesis did not explain the complex capsids and other structures on virus particles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the other name given to the regressive hypothesis in the passage?

    <p>The degeneracy hypothesis or reduction hypothesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

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