Al Khalifa's Position on Al Thani and Qatari Tribes Unification
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Questions and Answers

Who emerged as the local leadership in Qatar to rid the country of imposed control?

  • Al Sabah family
  • Al Khalifa family
  • Al Thani family (correct)
  • Al Saud family

    • During which phase did the conflict between Sheikh Mohammad bin Khalifa and his grandfather Sheikh Abdullah bin Ahmad begin?

  • Fourth Phase: 1845
  • First Phase: 1840
  • Third Phase: 1843
  • Second Phase: 1842 (correct)

    • Which region did the conflict spill over into, involving rule disputes among the Al Khalifa family?

  • Kuwait
  • Qatar (correct)
  • Oman
  • Saudi Arabia

    • Who challenged Sheikh Abdullah bin Ahmed bin Mohammed Al Khalifa's rule in Bahrain during 1840-1843?

    <p>Sheikh Mohammad bin Khalifa bin Salman</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was one of the prominent characteristics of the conflict in Bahrain between 1840-1843?

    <p>Transition to Qatar</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where did Sheikh Abdullah bin Ahmed move to monitor the situation as the conflict escalated?

    <p>Khor Hassan in Qatar</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the main reason for the negative relationship between Al Khalifa and the Qatari tribes before the establishment of the Emirate?

    <p>Al Khalifa's harsh representative in Qatar.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What action did Jassim bin Mohammad Al Thani take to address the imprisonment of the leader of the Al Naeem tribe by Al Khalifa's men?

    <p>He demanded independence for Qatar from Bahrain.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the impact of the internal conflict in Bahrain on the Qatari tribes?

    <p>The tribes considered establishing an independent entity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterized the relationship between Qatar and Al Khalifa before the emergence of the Al Thani family?

    <p>Increasing hostility.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who did Sheikh Mohammad bin Thani seek help from to free the Sheikh of the Al Naeem tribe?

    <p>Qatari tribes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was one of the traits that Sheikh Mohammad bin Thani was known for?

    <p>Diplomatic skills</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which Qatari tribe did Sheikh Mohammad bin Thani lead against the Al-Khalifa of Bahrain?

    <p>Al Bin Ali tribe</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did Sheikh Mohammad bin Thani expand his knowledge of literature and poetry?

    <p>By dedicating time to reading</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factor enabled the Al Thani family to lead the Qatari tribes according to the text?

    <p>Wealth from pearl trade</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which region did Belgrave describe Sheikh Mohammad bin Thani as the ruler of in 1863?

    <p>Al Bidaa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What led to Sheikh Mohammad bin Thani's power and prestige rising amongst the Qatari tribes?

    <p>The killing of Sheikh Isa bin Turayf</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who formed a coalition of Qatari tribes to invade Bahrain in 1842?

    <p>Sheikh Mohammad bin Khalifa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What tribe agreed to assist Sheikh Mohammad bin Khalifa after the tribes of eastern Qatar sided with him?

    <p>Al Maadheed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the outcome of the Battle of Umm Suwaya?

    <p>Issa bin Turayf was killed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why did Mohammad bin Khalifa besiege Doha and prevent ships from docking?

    <p>To discipline Sheikh Mohammad bin Thani and his son</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Sheikh Mohammad bin Khalifa agree to refrain from in exchange for British protection of Bahrain?

    <p>Launching wars, piracy, and slave trade</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What accusation led to the British fleet intervening in 1859?

    <p>Instigating some Qatari tribes to attack Saudi nationals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What annual tax was Sheikh Mohammad bin Khalifa able to secure from the ruler of Bahrain?

    <p>$4,000 riyals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who did Lewis Pelly meet in Al Wakra in September 1868?

    <p>Mohammad Al Thani and other members of his family</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Sheikh Mohammad bin Thani pledge to do in the 1868 agreement?

    <p>Reside in Doha in peace</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the significance of the 1868 agreement for Qatar?

    <p>Recognition of the Al Thani family as rulers of Qatar</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where did the Al Thani family migrate from to reach Qatar?

    <p>Najd</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What were the key reasons that led the Al Thani family to migrate to Qatar from Najd?

    <p>Rampant tribal conflicts and severe drought</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which event marked the beginning of Qatar's modern history as an independent emirate?

    <p>1868 agreement with Britain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who was the former ruler of Bahrain that Sheikh Mohammad bin Thani pledged to extradite?

    <p>Mohammad bin Khalifa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where did Sheikh Mohammed bin Thani and his family arrive in 1848?

    <p>Zubara</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What enabled the Al Thani family to lead and unite the Qatari tribes as an independent entity?

    <p>Accumulation of great wealth through pearl trading</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was Sheikh Mohammed bin Thani known for?

    <p>Successful pearl merchant</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What action did Al Khalifa take to try to improve their image among Qatari tribes?

    <p>Inviting Al Thani to visit Bahrain and honoring him</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What led to the Second Destruction of Doha in 1867?

    <p>Attack by Mohammad bin Khalifa and the ruler of Abu Dhabi</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did the Qatari tribes respond following the imprisonment of Jassim Al Thani?

    <p>They attacked Bahrain and defeated Al Khalifa at Damsa in 1868</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Britain do in response to Mohammad bin Khalifa's attack on Doha in 1867?

    <p>Bombed Abu Maher Castle in Muharraq</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What event marked the beginning of a new chapter of battles between Al Khalifa and Qatari tribes?

    <p>Jassim Al Thani's imprisonment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What action did Britain take against the Sheikh of Abu Dhabi following the attack on Wakra and Doha?

    <p>Compelled Abu Dhabi to pay compensation to Qatar and apologize</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role did Lewis Pelly play in the conflicts between Al Khalifa and Qatari tribes?

    <p>Challenged Sheikh Mohammad bin Khalifa's actions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Britain oblige the Sheikh of Abu Dhabi to do after the conflict between Al Wakra and Doha?

    <p>Pay compensation to Qatar and apologize</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What agreement was signed with Sheikh Mohammad bin Thani following the Qatari tribes' attack on Bahrain?

    <p>An extension of the Maritime Peace Treaty with Britain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What consequence did Mohammad bin Khalifa face for violating agreements with Britain regarding hostilities at sea?

    <p>Britain held him responsible for disputes and imposed penalties</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Al Thani family played a crucial role in providing the local leadership needed to rid Qatar of external control.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The conflict between Sheikh Mohammad bin Khalifa and his grandfather Sheikh Abdullah bin Ahmad began in 1842.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Sheikh Mohammad bin Khalifa bin Salman led the split of the Al Khalifa into two factions: Al Abdullah and Al Salman.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Three sons of Sheikh Abdullah bin Ahmad rebelled against him and moved to Qatar to build an opposition naval force to invade Bahrain.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Sheikh Abdullah bin Ahmed bin Mohammed Al Khalifa ruled over Bahrain from 1821-1847.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The conflict between Al Khalifa factions spilled over into Qatar in 1842.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Sheikh of Bahrain declared loyalty to the Saudis in order to maintain his property in Qatar.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The tax paid by Mohammad Al Khalifa on his property in Qatar was in exchange for protection from any tribal attack.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    An agent of the Saudi government resided in Doha between 1852 and 1866, and his name was explicitly mentioned in the reports.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Qatari tribes refused to submit to the authority of the rulers of Bahrain during the internal conflict.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Al Khalifa's power over Qatar was weakened due to the Qatari tribes' alliance with the rulers of Bahrain.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Sheikh Mohammad bin Thani emerged as a leader to encourage the tribes to seek independence and govern themselves in the Qatar Peninsula.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Ahmad bin Mohammad Al Khalifa's harshness contributed to improving relations between Al Khalifa and the Qatari tribes.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Jassim bin Mohammad Al Thani demanded independence for Qatar from Bahrain due to the continuing imposition of Bahrain's authority.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Qataris sought help from external powers to strengthen Al Khalifa's authority over Qatar.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Al Khalifa appointed Ahmad bin Mohammad Al Khalifa as their representative in Qatar due to his friendly approach that was well-received by the Qatari tribes.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Sheikh Mohammad bin Thani refused to assist Sheikh Mohammad bin Khalifa in invading Bahrain.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Qatari tribes used Al-Fuwairit as their base to march to Bahrain during the internal conflict.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Issa bin Turayf allied with Sheikh Mohammad bin Khalifa's adversaries during the Battle of Umm Suwaya.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The battle of Umm Suwaya resulted in the victory of the tribes allied with Issa bin Turayf.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Sheikh Mohammad bin Khalifa sought support from the ruler of Abu Dhabi against the Qatari tribes.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The siege of Doha by Sheikh Mohammad bin Khalifa ended with a conciliation agreement.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Sheikh Mohammad bin Khalifa refrained from launching wars in exchange for British protection of Bahrain.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The British fleet intervened in 1859 to support the Saudi governor in invading Bahrain.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The British authorities signed an agreement with Sheikh Mohammad Bin Khalifa in 1861 to recognize and uphold treaties with the Ottoman Empire.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The ruler of Bahrain had to pay an annual tax of four thousand riyals to Qatar according to the conciliation agreement.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Sheikh Mohammad bin Thani was known for his generosity, intelligence, and vigilance.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Sheikh Mohammad bin Thani led the Qatari tribes to help Sheikh Abdullah Al Khalifa take over the rule of Bahrain in 1842.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Al Khalifa tried to improve their image among Qatari tribes by honoring the Al Naeem tribes during a visit to Bahrain.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Sheikh Mohammad bin Thani's power and prestige rose amongst the Qatari tribes after the killing of Sheikh Isa bin Turayf.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Jassim Al Thani was betrayed and thrown in prison during his visit to Doha, Bahrain.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Al Thani family founder succeeded in accumulating a fortune from the oil trade.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The imprisonment of Jassim Al Thani by Al Khalifa led to a peaceful resolution between the two parties.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Sheikh Mohammad bin Thani's authority extended over all villages in Qatar during his leadership.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Qatari tribes successfully defeated Al Khalifa forces and took their leaders as prisoners at the site called 'Damsa' in 1868.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Al Maadheed tribe, to which Al Thani belongs, were not urbanized.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Britain supported Mohammad bin Khalifa's attack on Al Wakra and Doha in 1867.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Sheikh Mohammad bin Thani led the Qatari tribes in an attack against Bahrain in 1867.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Lewis Pelly condemned the attack on Doha by Sheikh Mohammad bin Khalifa as a violation of the agreement signed with Britain.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The British Political Resident imposed fines on Qatari tribes for attacking Bahrain in 1868.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Ali, the brother of Mohammad bin Khalifa, deposed Sheikh Mohammad and took over leadership in Bahrain.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Lewis Pelly expressed support for Al Khalifa's actions in imprisoning Jassim Al Thani during the conflicts.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Sheikh Mohammad bin Thani signed the 1868 agreement on September 11, 1868.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The 1868 agreement required Sheikh Mohammad bin Thani to seek adjudication by the British resident in any dispute that arises between him and his neighbors.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Al Thani family migrated from Najd to Qatar in the late 19th century.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The 1868 agreement marked the recognition of the Al Thani family as rulers of Qatar.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Sheikh Mohammed bin Thani arrived in Doha in 1858.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Al Thani family founder was a renowned politician.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Qatar started to be ruled by a sheikh of its own with political independence after Sheikh Mohammad bin Thani signed the 1868 agreement.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The emergence of the Al Thani family was a result of tribal conflicts within Al Khalifa in Bahrain.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Al Thani family relocated to Qatar from Oman.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The British used the Maritime Peace Treaties to diminish their power over the Gulf region.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    The Emergence of Al Thani Leadership in Qatar

    • The Al Thani family played a crucial role in providing local leadership needed to rid Qatar of external control.
    • The conflict between Sheikh Mohammad bin Khalifa and his grandfather Sheikh Abdullah bin Ahmad began in 1842.

    The Conflict Between Al Khalifa and Qatari Tribes

    • Three sons of Sheikh Abdullah bin Ahmad rebelled against him and moved to Qatar to build an opposition naval force to invade Bahrain.
    • The conflict spilled over into Qatar in 1842.
    • Sheikh Abdullah bin Ahmed bin Mohammed Al Khalifa ruled over Bahrain from 1821-1847.

    The Role of Sheikh Mohammad bin Thani

    • Sheikh Mohammad bin Thani emerged as a leader to encourage the tribes to seek independence and govern themselves in the Qatar Peninsula.
    • He was known for his generosity, intelligence, and vigilance.
    • He led the Qatari tribes to help Sheikh Abdullah Al Khalifa take over the rule of Bahrain in 1842.

    The Conflict and its Impact

    • The imprisonment of Jassim Al Thani by Al Khalifa led to a peaceful resolution between the two parties.
    • The conflict weakened Al Khalifa's power over Qatar due to the Qatari tribes' alliance with the rulers of Bahrain.
    • The Qatari tribes refused to submit to the authority of the rulers of Bahrain during the internal conflict.

    The Intervention of British Authorities

    • The British fleet intervened in 1859 to support the Saudi governor in invading Bahrain.
    • The British authorities signed an agreement with Sheikh Mohammad Bin Khalifa in 1861 to recognize and uphold treaties with the Ottoman Empire.
    • Lewis Pelly condemned the attack on Doha by Sheikh Mohammad bin Khalifa as a violation of the agreement signed with Britain.

    The 1868 Agreement and its Significance

    • The 1868 agreement marked the recognition of the Al Thani family as rulers of Qatar.
    • Sheikh Mohammad bin Thani signed the agreement on September 11, 1868.
    • The agreement required Sheikh Mohammad bin Thani to seek adjudication by the British resident in any dispute that arises between him and his neighbors.
    • The agreement enabled the Al Thani family to lead and unite the Qatari tribes as an independent entity.

    The Migration of Al Thani Family to Qatar

    • The Al Thani family migrated from Najd to Qatar in the late 19th century.
    • The migration was due to tribal conflicts within Al Khalifa in Bahrain.

    The Start of Modern Qatar's History

    • The 1868 agreement marked the beginning of Qatar's modern history as an independent emirate.
    • Qatar started to be ruled by a sheikh of its own with political independence after Sheikh Mohammad bin Thani signed the 1868 agreement.

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    Explore the relationship between Al Khalifa and Al Thani, focusing on the efforts to unite Qatari tribes led by Jassim bin Mohammad Al Thani. Learn about the actions taken by Al Khalifa to maintain power in Qatar amid the growing strength of Al Thani.

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