Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the primary cause of airway obstruction when the brain is suppressed?
What is the primary cause of airway obstruction when the brain is suppressed?
- Increased mucus production
- Tracheal swelling
- Tongue obstruction due to relaxation (correct)
- Loss of muscle tone in the larynx
Which nerves are responsible for the sensory aspect of the gag reflex?
Which nerves are responsible for the sensory aspect of the gag reflex?
- Glossopharyngeal and Vagus nerves (correct)
- Phrenic and Superior Laryngeal nerves
- Recurrent Laryngeal and Vagus nerves
- Median and Ulnar nerves
What role does the laryngeal reflex play in protecting the airway?
What role does the laryngeal reflex play in protecting the airway?
- It increases airflow to the lungs.
- It closes the vocal cords to prevent aspiration. (correct)
- It relaxes the throat muscles to ease swallowing.
- It stimulates coughing to clear the airway.
Where does the message from sensory nerves regarding the laryngeal reflex go in the brain?
Where does the message from sensory nerves regarding the laryngeal reflex go in the brain?
Why is jaw thrust effective in maintaining airway patency?
Why is jaw thrust effective in maintaining airway patency?
Flashcards
Airway Obstruction from Tongue Relaxation
Airway Obstruction from Tongue Relaxation
The tongue is a large muscle that can block the airway when relaxed due to anesthesia, sedation, or unconsciousness. It is attached to the mandible, making jaw thrust an effective maneuver to open the airway.
Pharyngeal Reflex (Gag Reflex)
Pharyngeal Reflex (Gag Reflex)
The pharyngeal reflex, or gag reflex, is triggered when the back of the tongue detects a foreign object. This is triggered by sensory nerves, including the vagus and glossopharyngeal nerves. They send a message to the medulla oblongata, which can also stimulate vomiting, salivation, and even cardiac centers.
Laryngeal Reflex
Laryngeal Reflex
The laryngeal reflex prevents things from entering the trachea by closing the vocal cords. The sensory nerves in the mucosa (laryngeal mucosa) are the superior laryngeal nerve. These nerves transmit a message to the medulla of the brainstem.
Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve and ET Tube Placement
Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve and ET Tube Placement
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Anatomy of Bronchi
Anatomy of Bronchi
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Study Notes
Use Sequence: Recall
- Tongue: Tissue and muscle; suppressed brain function (e.g., anesthesia, sedation) causes airway obstruction, as the tongue is connected to the mandible. Jaw thrust is effective in opening the airway.
- Pharyngeal Reflex: Sensory vagus and glossopharyngeal nerves react to foreign objects in the back of the tongue, triggering a gag reflex, which connects to the medulla oblongata, interacting with vomiting, salivary, and cardiac centers.
- Laryngeal Reflex: A lower reflex preventing foreign objects from entering the trachea by closing the vocal cords. Sensory nerves (superior laryngeal) sense the mucosa, sending messages to the brainstem's medulla, triggering action via the recurrent laryngeal nerve, contracting the thyro-arytenoid muscles, closing the vocal cords.
Airway
- Airway obstruction: Tongue is a leading cause during suppression of brain function.
- Jaw thrust is effective for opening airway.
- Pharyngeal and Laryngeal reflexes safeguard from foreign body entry into trachea.
Larynx
- Protection of vocal cords is the larynx's primary function.
- Facilitates speech and sound production.
- Enables coughing.
- Controls vocal cord tension during breathing.
- Composed of a hyoid bone and 9 cartilages (3 single, 3 pairs).
- Important paired cartilages include arytenoid cartilages for vocal cord movement and corniculate and cuneiform cartilages, which play roles in relaxing and tensing vocal cords for sound production, connecting Epiglottis to the Cuneiform Cartilage and to the Trachea, preventing from food entering trachea.
- Single cartilages include:
- Epiglottis (flap over trachea, preventing food entry).
- Thyroid cartilage (largest; Adam's apple).
- Cricoid cartilage (signet ring).
- ET (endotracheal) tube placement: Slips into the right bronchus due to the angle of the branching.
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