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Questions and Answers
What is the primary cause of airway obstruction when the brain is suppressed?
What is the primary cause of airway obstruction when the brain is suppressed?
Which nerves are responsible for the sensory aspect of the gag reflex?
Which nerves are responsible for the sensory aspect of the gag reflex?
What role does the laryngeal reflex play in protecting the airway?
What role does the laryngeal reflex play in protecting the airway?
Where does the message from sensory nerves regarding the laryngeal reflex go in the brain?
Where does the message from sensory nerves regarding the laryngeal reflex go in the brain?
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Why is jaw thrust effective in maintaining airway patency?
Why is jaw thrust effective in maintaining airway patency?
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Study Notes
Use Sequence: Recall
- Tongue: Tissue and muscle; suppressed brain function (e.g., anesthesia, sedation) causes airway obstruction, as the tongue is connected to the mandible. Jaw thrust is effective in opening the airway.
- Pharyngeal Reflex: Sensory vagus and glossopharyngeal nerves react to foreign objects in the back of the tongue, triggering a gag reflex, which connects to the medulla oblongata, interacting with vomiting, salivary, and cardiac centers.
- Laryngeal Reflex: A lower reflex preventing foreign objects from entering the trachea by closing the vocal cords. Sensory nerves (superior laryngeal) sense the mucosa, sending messages to the brainstem's medulla, triggering action via the recurrent laryngeal nerve, contracting the thyro-arytenoid muscles, closing the vocal cords.
Airway
- Airway obstruction: Tongue is a leading cause during suppression of brain function.
- Jaw thrust is effective for opening airway.
- Pharyngeal and Laryngeal reflexes safeguard from foreign body entry into trachea.
Larynx
- Protection of vocal cords is the larynx's primary function.
- Facilitates speech and sound production.
- Enables coughing.
- Controls vocal cord tension during breathing.
- Composed of a hyoid bone and 9 cartilages (3 single, 3 pairs).
- Important paired cartilages include arytenoid cartilages for vocal cord movement and corniculate and cuneiform cartilages, which play roles in relaxing and tensing vocal cords for sound production, connecting Epiglottis to the Cuneiform Cartilage and to the Trachea, preventing from food entering trachea.
- Single cartilages include:
- Epiglottis (flap over trachea, preventing food entry).
- Thyroid cartilage (largest; Adam's apple).
- Cricoid cartilage (signet ring).
- ET (endotracheal) tube placement: Slips into the right bronchus due to the angle of the branching.
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Description
This quiz covers key concepts related to airway management, including the role of the tongue in airway obstruction and the importance of the pharyngeal and laryngeal reflexes. Understand the physiological mechanisms that help maintain an open airway and prevent foreign object entry. Test your knowledge on effective techniques such as the jaw thrust maneuver.
