Questions and Answers
All of the following will help minimize the risk of gastric distension when ventilating an apneic patient with a bag-valve mask, EXCEPT:
What condition occurs when ventilation is impaired and carbon dioxide levels in the bloodstream increase?
hypercarbia
How does positive-pressure ventilation affect cardiac output?
It decreases cardiac output.
Which of the following patients would MOST likely require insertion of an oropharyngeal airway?
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What should you do if an apneic woman with a bag-valve mask suddenly begins regurgitating large amounts of vomit?
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What is the appropriate action for a 66-year-old man in respiratory distress who is unable to follow verbal commands?
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What is tidal volume defined as?
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When is the nasal cannula most appropriately used in the pre-hospital setting?
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What is the purpose of the pin-indexing system for compressed gas cylinders?
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The _____ cartilage is a firm ring that forms the inferior part of the larynx.
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What is the MOST appropriate treatment for a conscious patient with a foreign body airway obstruction who is coughing forcefully?
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What is the MOST serious complication associated with using a nasopharyngeal airway in a patient with head or face trauma?
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What is oxygen toxicity?
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Where does the actual exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide occur?
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What process involves the conversion of glucose into energy in the presence of oxygen?
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Which of the following would NOT cause a decrease in tidal volume?
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CPAP is indicated for patients who:
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What is the purpose of the jaw-thrust maneuver?
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How is hypoxia most accurately defined?
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What is the normal respiratory rate for an adult at rest?
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Study Notes
Airway Management Concepts
- To minimize gastric distension during bag-valve mask ventilation, avoid increasing the tidal volume.
- Elevated carbon dioxide levels in the bloodstream indicate hypercarbia.
- Positive-pressure ventilation raises intrathoracic pressure, which can reduce cardiac output due to diminished venous return.
Airway Devices and Techniques
- Oropharyngeal airways are crucial for unconscious patients with poor respiration; they are typically necessary for patients like a 40-year-old unconscious individual with shallow breaths.
- In emergencies where an apneic patient regurgitates, it is important to roll them onto their side and remove the oral airway to prevent aspiration.
- For a patient in respiratory distress unable to follow commands, assistance with a bag-valve mask is recommended.
Respiratory Measurements
- Tidal volume refers to the volume of air exchanged during a single breath.
- A nasal cannula is suitable when a non-rebreather mask isn't tolerated by the patient.
Safety and Anatomy
- The pin-indexing system for gas cylinders ensures that the correct regulator is used to match the cylinder type.
- The cricoid cartilage is a significant anatomical feature forming the lower part of the larynx.
Patient Care Considerations
- In a case of foreign body airway obstruction where a patient is alert and coughing, the best approach is to encourage coughing and transport the patient.
- Using a nasopharyngeal airway on a trauma patient poses risks of penetrating the cranium.
- Oxygen toxicity occurs from excessive oxygen levels, leading to cellular damage.
- Gas exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide takes place in the alveolar sacs.
Metabolism and Respiratory Functions
- Cells use aerobic metabolism to convert glucose into energy in the presence of oxygen.
- Deep respirations do not lead to decreased tidal volume; they actually enhance it.
- Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) is effective for patients with pulmonary edema who can follow commands.
Clinical Indicators
- The jaw-thrust maneuver is particularly important for patients with suspected cervical spine injuries to maintain airway patency.
- Hypoxia is defined as insufficient oxygen reaching the tissues and organs.
- Normal respiratory rate for adults at rest falls between 12 and 20 breaths per minute.
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Description
Explore essential concepts and techniques in airway management, including the use of bag-valve mask ventilation and airway devices. This quiz covers important respiratory measurements and patient care strategies in emergencies. Test your knowledge of airway interventions and their implications on patient outcomes.
