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Questions and Answers
Questions and Answers
All of the following will help minimize the risk of gastric distension when ventilating an apneic patient with a bag-valve mask, EXCEPT:
All of the following will help minimize the risk of gastric distension when ventilating an apneic patient with a bag-valve mask, EXCEPT:
- Ensuring the patient's head is properly positioned.
- Using a proper seal with the mask.
- Ventilating at a slow rate.
- Increasing the amount of delivered tidal volume. (correct)
What condition occurs when ventilation is impaired and carbon dioxide levels in the bloodstream increase?
What condition occurs when ventilation is impaired and carbon dioxide levels in the bloodstream increase?
hypercarbia
How does positive-pressure ventilation affect cardiac output?
How does positive-pressure ventilation affect cardiac output?
It decreases cardiac output.
Which of the following patients would MOST likely require insertion of an oropharyngeal airway?
Which of the following patients would MOST likely require insertion of an oropharyngeal airway?
What should you do if an apneic woman with a bag-valve mask suddenly begins regurgitating large amounts of vomit?
What should you do if an apneic woman with a bag-valve mask suddenly begins regurgitating large amounts of vomit?
What is the appropriate action for a 66-year-old man in respiratory distress who is unable to follow verbal commands?
What is the appropriate action for a 66-year-old man in respiratory distress who is unable to follow verbal commands?
What is tidal volume defined as?
What is tidal volume defined as?
When is the nasal cannula most appropriately used in the pre-hospital setting?
When is the nasal cannula most appropriately used in the pre-hospital setting?
What is the purpose of the pin-indexing system for compressed gas cylinders?
What is the purpose of the pin-indexing system for compressed gas cylinders?
The _____ cartilage is a firm ring that forms the inferior part of the larynx.
The _____ cartilage is a firm ring that forms the inferior part of the larynx.
What is the MOST appropriate treatment for a conscious patient with a foreign body airway obstruction who is coughing forcefully?
What is the MOST appropriate treatment for a conscious patient with a foreign body airway obstruction who is coughing forcefully?
What is the MOST serious complication associated with using a nasopharyngeal airway in a patient with head or face trauma?
What is the MOST serious complication associated with using a nasopharyngeal airway in a patient with head or face trauma?
What is oxygen toxicity?
What is oxygen toxicity?
Where does the actual exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide occur?
Where does the actual exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide occur?
What process involves the conversion of glucose into energy in the presence of oxygen?
What process involves the conversion of glucose into energy in the presence of oxygen?
Which of the following would NOT cause a decrease in tidal volume?
Which of the following would NOT cause a decrease in tidal volume?
CPAP is indicated for patients who:
CPAP is indicated for patients who:
What is the purpose of the jaw-thrust maneuver?
What is the purpose of the jaw-thrust maneuver?
How is hypoxia most accurately defined?
How is hypoxia most accurately defined?
What is the normal respiratory rate for an adult at rest?
What is the normal respiratory rate for an adult at rest?
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Study Notes
Study Notes
Airway Management Concepts
- To minimize gastric distension during bag-valve mask ventilation, avoid increasing the tidal volume.
- Elevated carbon dioxide levels in the bloodstream indicate hypercarbia.
- Positive-pressure ventilation raises intrathoracic pressure, which can reduce cardiac output due to diminished venous return.
Airway Devices and Techniques
- Oropharyngeal airways are crucial for unconscious patients with poor respiration; they are typically necessary for patients like a 40-year-old unconscious individual with shallow breaths.
- In emergencies where an apneic patient regurgitates, it is important to roll them onto their side and remove the oral airway to prevent aspiration.
- For a patient in respiratory distress unable to follow commands, assistance with a bag-valve mask is recommended.
Respiratory Measurements
- Tidal volume refers to the volume of air exchanged during a single breath.
- A nasal cannula is suitable when a non-rebreather mask isn't tolerated by the patient.
Safety and Anatomy
- The pin-indexing system for gas cylinders ensures that the correct regulator is used to match the cylinder type.
- The cricoid cartilage is a significant anatomical feature forming the lower part of the larynx.
Patient Care Considerations
- In a case of foreign body airway obstruction where a patient is alert and coughing, the best approach is to encourage coughing and transport the patient.
- Using a nasopharyngeal airway on a trauma patient poses risks of penetrating the cranium.
- Oxygen toxicity occurs from excessive oxygen levels, leading to cellular damage.
- Gas exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide takes place in the alveolar sacs.
Metabolism and Respiratory Functions
- Cells use aerobic metabolism to convert glucose into energy in the presence of oxygen.
- Deep respirations do not lead to decreased tidal volume; they actually enhance it.
- Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) is effective for patients with pulmonary edema who can follow commands.
Clinical Indicators
- The jaw-thrust maneuver is particularly important for patients with suspected cervical spine injuries to maintain airway patency.
- Hypoxia is defined as insufficient oxygen reaching the tissues and organs.
- Normal respiratory rate for adults at rest falls between 12 and 20 breaths per minute.
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