Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the main cause of airway obstruction when the brain is suppressed due to anaesthetic?
What is the main cause of airway obstruction when the brain is suppressed due to anaesthetic?
Which of the following is NOT a function of the larynx?
Which of the following is NOT a function of the larynx?
Which cartilage is considered the largest among those associated with the larynx?
Which cartilage is considered the largest among those associated with the larynx?
Which paired cartilages control the movement of the vocal cords?
Which paired cartilages control the movement of the vocal cords?
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What is the role of the epiglottis during swallowing?
What is the role of the epiglottis during swallowing?
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Which nerve is NOT involved in the pharyngeal reflex?
Which nerve is NOT involved in the pharyngeal reflex?
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What anatomical feature allows for cricoid pressure to be effective?
What anatomical feature allows for cricoid pressure to be effective?
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Which of the following is a primary function of the laryngeal reflex?
Which of the following is a primary function of the laryngeal reflex?
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Study Notes
Airway Obstruction
- Tongue is a major cause of airway obstruction, particularly when the brain is suppressed (by anaesthetic or sedation).
- Jaw thrust is effective because it is connected to the mandible.
Pharyngeal Reflex
- Foreign objects entering the back of the tongue trigger a sensory response.
- Sensory nerves (vagus and glossopharyngeal) send signals to the Medulla Oblongata.
- The Medulla Oblongata is close to vomiting, salivary, and cardiac centres, which can be activated during gagging.
Laryngeal Reflex
- Prevents foreign objects from entering the trachea by closing the vocal cords.
- Sensory nerves (superior laryngeal nerve, and sensory nerves) detect the foreign object.
- Message is sent to the brainstem's medulla.
- The message is relayed down through the recurrent laryngeal nerve causing the thyro-arytenoid muscle to contract.
- This closure closes the vocal cords.
Larynx Anatomy and Function
- Protects vocal cords (crucial function).
- Essential for sound production and speech.
- Assists in coughing.
- Critical for regulating vocal cord tension.
- Includes 1 bone (hyoid bone) and 9 cartilages, including 3 single and 3 paired.
- Single cartilages: epiglottis (food protection), thyroid cartilage (Adam's apple), and cricoid cartilage (signet ring shape, involved in cricoid pressure).
- Paired cartilages: arytenoid cartilage (vocal cord movement), corniculate cartilage (relaxation/tension of vocal cords), and cuneiform cartilage (epiglottis to larynx support/connection).
Bronchus
- The angle of the right and left bronchus, influences the position of an endotracheal tube.
- Right bronchus is slightly angled more anterior than the left bronchus.
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Description
Explore the critical concepts of airway obstruction, including the role of the tongue and various reflexes involved in protecting the airway. Understand the anatomy and function of the larynx, as well as the neurological pathways activated during airway events. This quiz is essential for those studying respiratory health and emergency response.
