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Questions and Answers
What type of fuel is specifically designed for use in turbine engines?
What type of fuel is specifically designed for use in turbine engines?
Which of the following subsystems is NOT part of jet transport fuel systems?
Which of the following subsystems is NOT part of jet transport fuel systems?
What is the primary purpose of surge tanks in jet transport fuel systems?
What is the primary purpose of surge tanks in jet transport fuel systems?
Why is low volatility fuel desirable in turbine engines under normal conditions?
Why is low volatility fuel desirable in turbine engines under normal conditions?
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What is one of the key conflicting factors in choosing turbine engine fuel?
What is one of the key conflicting factors in choosing turbine engine fuel?
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Which component in a jet transport fuel system connects all tanks to the vent space?
Which component in a jet transport fuel system connects all tanks to the vent space?
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What characteristic should turbine engine fuel possess to facilitate starting in cold environments?
What characteristic should turbine engine fuel possess to facilitate starting in cold environments?
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What is the primary function of baffle check valves in aircraft fuel tanks?
What is the primary function of baffle check valves in aircraft fuel tanks?
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What safety procedure must be followed before entering an integral fuel tank for maintenance?
What safety procedure must be followed before entering an integral fuel tank for maintenance?
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What are manually-operated gate valves primarily used for in fuel systems?
What are manually-operated gate valves primarily used for in fuel systems?
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Which component is essential for operating motor-operated valves in fuel systems?
Which component is essential for operating motor-operated valves in fuel systems?
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Where are baffle check valves situated in relation to fuel boost pumps?
Where are baffle check valves situated in relation to fuel boost pumps?
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What must be ensured regarding the fuel venting system on an aircraft?
What must be ensured regarding the fuel venting system on an aircraft?
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Which component is NOT part of a transport category aircraft fuel distribution subsystem?
Which component is NOT part of a transport category aircraft fuel distribution subsystem?
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What is the role of boost pumps in the fuel system of an aircraft?
What is the role of boost pumps in the fuel system of an aircraft?
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Where is the central pressure refueling station commonly located on a transport category aircraft?
Where is the central pressure refueling station commonly located on a transport category aircraft?
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What happens when a boost pump fails in the aircraft's fuel system?
What happens when a boost pump fails in the aircraft's fuel system?
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Which statement correctly describes the function of the transfer/crossfeed manifold?
Which statement correctly describes the function of the transfer/crossfeed manifold?
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What is the purpose of check valves in the fuel vent system?
What is the purpose of check valves in the fuel vent system?
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Which of the following components is specifically involved in jettisoning fuel?
Which of the following components is specifically involved in jettisoning fuel?
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What is the main benefit of single-point pressure fueling?
What is the main benefit of single-point pressure fueling?
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What is the primary function of a drain valve in the sump system?
What is the primary function of a drain valve in the sump system?
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Which type of fuel tank is described as having the highest volume with the lowest weight?
Which type of fuel tank is described as having the highest volume with the lowest weight?
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What role does baffling play in aircraft fuel tanks during maneuvers?
What role does baffling play in aircraft fuel tanks during maneuvers?
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How are bladder fuel tanks attached to the aircraft structure?
How are bladder fuel tanks attached to the aircraft structure?
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What are the possible benefits of being able to remove and repair a rigid fuel tank?
What are the possible benefits of being able to remove and repair a rigid fuel tank?
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What materials can a rigid removable fuel tank be made from?
What materials can a rigid removable fuel tank be made from?
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What characteristic of integral fuel tanks aids in reducing weight for aircraft?
What characteristic of integral fuel tanks aids in reducing weight for aircraft?
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Which statement about bladder fuel tanks is accurate?
Which statement about bladder fuel tanks is accurate?
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In what way do wing ribs and box beams contribute to the fuel system in aircraft?
In what way do wing ribs and box beams contribute to the fuel system in aircraft?
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What is a disadvantage of using a bladder fuel tank compared to a rigid tank?
What is a disadvantage of using a bladder fuel tank compared to a rigid tank?
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What is the primary function of the fuel cooled oil cooler (FCOC) in the fuel system?
What is the primary function of the fuel cooled oil cooler (FCOC) in the fuel system?
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Where is the temperature sensor typically located in the fuel system of a jet transport aircraft?
Where is the temperature sensor typically located in the fuel system of a jet transport aircraft?
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What happens when a fuel filter becomes clogged in a jet transport aircraft?
What happens when a fuel filter becomes clogged in a jet transport aircraft?
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Which type of fuel quantity indication system is commonly used in transport category aircraft?
Which type of fuel quantity indication system is commonly used in transport category aircraft?
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What is the purpose of low fuel pressure warning lights in jet transport aircraft?
What is the purpose of low fuel pressure warning lights in jet transport aircraft?
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What are the three basic types of aircraft fuel tanks?
What are the three basic types of aircraft fuel tanks?
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What design feature does a fuel tank have to manage contaminants and water?
What design feature does a fuel tank have to manage contaminants and water?
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What is the role of true fuel flow indicators in a jet transport aircraft?
What is the role of true fuel flow indicators in a jet transport aircraft?
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What signals a malfunction in the fuel system related to fuel filters?
What signals a malfunction in the fuel system related to fuel filters?
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What is the primary means for monitoring fuel delivery to the engines in jet transport aircraft?
What is the primary means for monitoring fuel delivery to the engines in jet transport aircraft?
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Which system is commonly used for indicating fuel quantity in transport category aircraft?
Which system is commonly used for indicating fuel quantity in transport category aircraft?
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What component in the fuel system is designed to allow fuel flow around filters if they become clogged?
What component in the fuel system is designed to allow fuel flow around filters if they become clogged?
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Where are low fuel pressure warning sensors typically located in a jet transport aircraft?
Where are low fuel pressure warning sensors typically located in a jet transport aircraft?
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What is the function of the sump area in an aircraft fuel tank?
What is the function of the sump area in an aircraft fuel tank?
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Which statement accurately describes the construction of rigid removable fuel tanks?
Which statement accurately describes the construction of rigid removable fuel tanks?
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What is a key feature of integral fuel tanks utilized in transport category and high performance aircraft?
What is a key feature of integral fuel tanks utilized in transport category and high performance aircraft?
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In which manner are bladder fuel tanks secured to the aircraft structure?
In which manner are bladder fuel tanks secured to the aircraft structure?
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What primary advantage do baffling features provide to integrated fuel tanks during flight maneuvers?
What primary advantage do baffling features provide to integrated fuel tanks during flight maneuvers?
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What material characteristic distinguishes bladder fuel tanks from rigid removable tanks?
What material characteristic distinguishes bladder fuel tanks from rigid removable tanks?
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What is the primary benefit of the transfer/crossfeed system in a jet transport aircraft's fuel system?
What is the primary benefit of the transfer/crossfeed system in a jet transport aircraft's fuel system?
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Which component in a transport category aircraft fuel system prevents fuel spillage during refueling?
Which component in a transport category aircraft fuel system prevents fuel spillage during refueling?
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What function do the float and check valves serve in the aircraft's fuel vent system?
What function do the float and check valves serve in the aircraft's fuel vent system?
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Why is a central pressure refueling station advantageous for a transport category aircraft?
Why is a central pressure refueling station advantageous for a transport category aircraft?
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How do boost pumps contribute to the fuel management of an aircraft?
How do boost pumps contribute to the fuel management of an aircraft?
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Study Notes
Aircraft Fuel Systems
- Aircraft fuel systems are designed for uninterrupted contaminant-free fuel flow, regardless of aircraft attitude.
- Fuel systems must accommodate varying fuel loads without negatively affecting aircraft control during maneuvers.
- Fuel flow must be consistent and at the correct pressure and rate to ensure proper engine and auxiliary power unit (APU) function.
- Fuel pumps must prevent drawing fuel from multiple tanks concurrently.
- Systems must prevent air introduction into the fuel system.
- Turbine engine-powered aircraft need fuel venting systems to prevent loss of fuel supply caused by component failure.
Fuel Storage System
- Fuel systems in turbine engines must withstand operational loads without failure.
- Fuel systems must be isolated from personnel compartments and protected from hazards due to unintended temperature fluctuations.
- Systems must provide fuel for half an hour of maximum operation and be capable of safe jettisoning for landing purposes.
- Jettisoning systems are also referred to as fuel dump systems for transport category aircraft.
Aircraft Fuel
- Turbine engines use jet fuel (Jet A, Jet B), not aviation gasoline, and should not be mixed.
- Inhibitors are added to jet fuel to control corrosion, oxidation, ice, and microbial/bacterial growth.
- Fuel choice depends on conflicting factors. High volatility fuel is easier to start turbine engines with, but vapor lock and evaporation are undesirable.
Jet Transport Aircraft Fuel Systems
Storage
- Integral fuel tanks—common design, the wing is sealed. Sections or fuselage tanks may also be sealed.
- Main and auxiliary fuel tanks—common on jet transports, with surge tanks for overflow and fuel system venting.
Vent
- Fuel systems are vented via tubing and channels to the surge/vent overboard.
- Venting is crucial for all attitudes and fuel volumes.
Distribution
- Pressure fueling components, transfer system, defueling components, and fuel dump systems are all part of the subsystem.
- Fueling can be done in a single point for multiple tanks.
Feed
- Boost pumps move fuel to a transfer manifold.
- Transfer/cross-feed manifolds and boost pumps are used for jettisoning fuel.
- Fuel systems can provide secondary fuel feed for the engines if the primary fails.
Indicating
- Systems monitor parameters - fuel flow, pressure, and temperature.
- Display is by instrumental panel or multifunction display (MFD).
- Fuel flow indicators used for monitoring delivery to engines.
- Temperature sensors are located in the tanks to alert of potentially harmful warnings.
- Filtered fuel bypass warning light for clogged filters.
- Low fuel pressure lights are used for boost pump failure.
- Fuel quantity gauges for total remaining.
Fuel System Components
Fuel Tanks
- Three basic types: rigid removable, bladder, and integral.
- Integral—part of the airframe; fitted with baffling or dividers to help keep fuel from shifting excessively during maneuvers.
- Sumps—low areas for contaminants and water.
- Drain valves—used to remove impurities during preflight.
Rigid Removable Fuel Tanks
- Made of various materials and strapped to the aircraft structure.
Bladder Fuel Tanks
- Made of reinforced flexible material.
- Similar function to rigid tanks, but attached with clips or other fasteners.
Integral Fuel Tanks
- Forged as part of the aircraft structure in the wings and fuselage.
- High performance aircraft require baffling to prevent slosh.
- Baffle check valves control flow.
Fuel Valves
- Used for fuel flow control—shut off and routing.
- Manually—operated gate valves; commonly used for fire control functions.
- Motor operated— use electrical motors for operating fuel valves, controlling flow, and shutoff.
Fuel Pumps
- Boost pumps provide fuel under pressure to the engine-driven pump during start-up or if the engine-driven pump fails.
- Centrifugal boost pumps— used to supply and transfer fuel between tanks if the aircraft is configured for such design.
Fuel Filters
- Used to filter debris and water from fuel to protect the engine(s).
Fuel System Indicators
Fuel Quantity Probes
- Variable capacitance transmitters are installed, with each measuring the fuel level in its assigned tank.
Fuel Quantity Using Drip Sticks
- Fuel quantity can be determined using calibrated drip sticks.
- Drip sticks are checked around all tanks.
Fuel Flowmeters
- Aircraft using turbine-engine fuel systems use mass flow fuel flow meters to measure fuel flow.
Fuel Temperature Gauges
- The temperature of the fuel is monitored for ice formation or buildup in the system, by the gauges.
Fueling
- Two types of fueling processes: Over-the-wing and pressure refueling.
- Over-the-wing is done by opening the tank's fill cap and placing a nozzle into it.
- Pressure fueling—a nozzle locks onto the fueling port and the fuel is pumped into the corresponding tank.
Fueling Safety Measures
- Fueling must be done outside in a well ventilated area, away from flammable materials.
- Personnel must be properly dressed and equipped to prevent static discharge.
- Fire extinguishers, bonding cables, and ground safety equipment should be present.
- Open flames or electrical devices must be prohibited.
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Description
This quiz explores the critical aspects of aircraft fuel systems, focusing on their design for uninterrupted fuel flow and performance under various conditions. Topics include fuel storage, fuel flow consistency, and safety measures against contaminants and air introduction. Test your knowledge on how these systems support turbine engines and aircraft maneuverability.
