Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the primary purpose of writing down taxi clearances on a kneeboard or airport diagram?
What is the primary purpose of writing down taxi clearances on a kneeboard or airport diagram?
- To document taxi clearances for regulatory compliance
- To aid in memory and prevent confusion about taxi instructions (correct)
- To facilitate communication with ATC
- To plan the most efficient taxi route
What are Airport Hot Spots typically characterized by?
What are Airport Hot Spots typically characterized by?
- Congested areas with high traffic volume
- Unmarked taxiways and runway entrances
- Areas with restricted access or security checkpoints
- Confusing or irregularly shaped hold lines or intersections (correct)
During taxi operations, what should pilots avoid doing to minimize workload and maintain situational awareness?
During taxi operations, what should pilots avoid doing to minimize workload and maintain situational awareness?
- Reviewing the airport diagram
- Planning the flight route
- Programming the GPS (correct)
- Contacting ATC for clarification
What should a pilot do if they are unsure about a taxi clearance or their position on the runway or airport?
What should a pilot do if they are unsure about a taxi clearance or their position on the runway or airport?
What is the purpose of highlighting the airport diagram during taxi operations?
What is the purpose of highlighting the airport diagram during taxi operations?
What is a key principle of maintaining situational awareness during taxi operations?
What is a key principle of maintaining situational awareness during taxi operations?
What is the implication of a pilot being cleared to taxi to Runway 25 'via Alpha, Bravo'?
What is the implication of a pilot being cleared to taxi to Runway 25 'via Alpha, Bravo'?
At non-towered airports, what is the primary responsibility of pilots regarding runway incursions?
At non-towered airports, what is the primary responsibility of pilots regarding runway incursions?
What is a key component of taxi safety techniques at non-towered airports?
What is a key component of taxi safety techniques at non-towered airports?
What should pilots do before taking off or landing at a non-towered airport?
What should pilots do before taking off or landing at a non-towered airport?
What is the purpose of turning on airplane strobes, taxi, and landing lights during taxi operations?
What is the purpose of turning on airplane strobes, taxi, and landing lights during taxi operations?
What should pilots do when taxiing in a runway area at a non-towered airport?
What should pilots do when taxiing in a runway area at a non-towered airport?
What is the primary reason for pilots to ask for progressive taxi instructions from ATC?
What is the primary reason for pilots to ask for progressive taxi instructions from ATC?
What should pilots do when approaching a runway hold line?
What should pilots do when approaching a runway hold line?
What is the significance of the red color on airport signs?
What is the significance of the red color on airport signs?
What is a critical factor in preventing pilots from falling prey to confirmation and expectation bias?
What is a critical factor in preventing pilots from falling prey to confirmation and expectation bias?
What contributed to the 1999 Providence, RI incident?
What contributed to the 1999 Providence, RI incident?
What is the primary purpose of pilots cross-referencing their outside sight picture with the airport diagram?
What is the primary purpose of pilots cross-referencing their outside sight picture with the airport diagram?
Flashcards
Runway Incursion
Runway Incursion
An occurrence when an aircraft, vehicle, or person is on the runway without proper clearance.
Situational Awareness
Situational Awareness
Being aware of your environment and the dynamics that affect it.
Self-announce
Self-announce
To verbally communicate your intentions without ATC prompting.
Airport Diagram
Airport Diagram
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Visual Confirmation
Visual Confirmation
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Strobes and Landing Lights
Strobes and Landing Lights
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Sterile Cockpit
Sterile Cockpit
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Hot Spots
Hot Spots
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Taxi Clearance
Taxi Clearance
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Progressive Taxi Instructions
Progressive Taxi Instructions
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Hold Position Sign
Hold Position Sign
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Confirmation Bias
Confirmation Bias
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Expectation Bias
Expectation Bias
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Cross-reference
Cross-reference
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Kneeboard
Kneeboard
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Taxiway
Taxiway
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Air Traffic Control (ATC)
Air Traffic Control (ATC)
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Study Notes
Taxi Operations at Non-Towered Airports
- Pilots must remain vigilant for runway incursions and maintain situational awareness about the position of other airplanes and vehicles on runways and taxiways.
- Pilots should self-announce taxi intentions and the intention to enter a runway.
Planning and Radio Calls
- Consult the airport diagram before taxi, takeoff, and landing to know the route to enter and exit the runway.
- Visually confirm that the runway and final approach are clear before entering any runways.
Taxi Safety Techniques
- Visually confirm that a runway (and final approach) is clear before crossing or entering any runway surface, whether cleared or not.
- Turn on airplane strobes, taxi, and landing lights to enhance visibility.
- Maintain eyes outside the cockpit when in any runway area.
- Taxi clear of runways quickly and without delay.
Techniques to Minimize Confusion
- Write down taxi clearances on a kneeboard or airport diagram to aid in memory.
- Highlight the taxi route on the airport diagram as the clearance is received.
- Brief any hot spots that will be encountered on the route.
- Form a mental model of the airport route.
Hot Spots
- Hot spots are areas where other pilots (or vehicles) have commonly made mistakes leading to runway incursions.
- Examples include confusing or irregularly shaped hold lines or intersections.
- Be extra vigilant for the presence of hold lines or runway identifier signs in these locations.
Minimizing Pilot Workload
- Maintain a sterile cockpit during taxi operations.
- Avoid unnecessary tasks (e.g., programming the GPS, working on EFB) to devote full attention to taxiing and maintaining situational awareness.
Confirm/Always Be Sure
- Clarify taxi instructions with ATC if any uncertainty exists.
- Ask for progressive taxi instructions if needed.
- Verbalize taxi clearance when approaching a runway hold line.
Case Study - December 6, 1999 Providence, RI Incident
- Contributing factors included pilot uncertainty about position, vague descriptions of signage, and not cross-referencing outside sight picture with the airport diagram.
Taxiway/Runway Signage
- The runway hold position sign is an important airport sign that pilots should keep watch for.
- The red color of the sign indicates a hold line nearby.
Dangers of Confirmation and Expectation Bias
- Actively listen to taxi instructions to avoid falling prey to confirmation or expectation bias.
- These biases can lead pilots to hear what they are expecting to hear, rather than what was actually said.
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Description
Understand the importance of clear communication during taxi operations at towered and non-towered airports, including avoiding runway incursions and maintaining situational awareness.
