Tehran ACC Operations Chapter 5

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Questions and Answers

According to the Tehran ACC Operations Manual, vertical separation is obtained by requiring aircraft to operate at different levels expressed in terms of flight levels or altitudes, but not in terms of ___________ or geometric height.

barometric levels

Which types of procedural separation are provided by Tehran ACC according to Chapter 5 of the Operations Manual?

Horizontal separation (correct)

Longitudinal separation

Vertical separation (correct)

Lateral separation

What minimum separation is applied when RVSM (Reduced Vertical Separation Minima) is suspended due to severe turbulence?

1000 feet below FL290 and 2000 feet at or above FL290

Under what circumstances should the separation minima be increased?

Failure of navigational aid or communication equipment Signup and view all the answers

What type of display is used in Tehran ACC sectors where ATS Surveillance Service is not provided?

Air Move Display (AMD) Signup and view all the answers

Information derived from AMDs shall not be used as the basis for provision of procedural vertical or horizontal __________, but pilot reports remain the sole basis for this provision.

separations Signup and view all the answers

Controllers may need to inform the pilot if their aircraft is shown on the AMD display.

False Signup and view all the answers

What is the minimum separation time required between same track aircraft climbing or descending, when vertical separation does not exist?

5 minutes Signup and view all the answers

What is recommended when frequent determination of position and speed cannot be achieved between two aircraft on crossing tracks?

a minimum of 15 minutes shall be applied Signup and view all the answers

TCAS or AMD can be used for the determination of aircraft passing each other on reciprocal tracks.

False Signup and view all the answers

Aircraft subject to Mach number technique shall adhere to the true Mach number as instructed by Tehran ACC and shall request ATC approval before making any changes ____. (Fill in the blank).

thereto Signup and view all the answers

Match the following distance separation requirements with the correct methods of achieving them:

50 NM separation between aircraft positions using DME or GNSS = Direct controller-pilot VHF voice communication shall be maintained RNAV distance-based separation minima = Separation shall be established by maintaining not less than 50 NM between aircraft positions as reported by reference to RNAV equipment Signup and view all the answers

What is lateral separation used for?

To separate aircraft laterally Signup and view all the answers

Lateral separation of aircraft is obtained by requiring operation on different ________ or in different geographical locations.

routes Signup and view all the answers

Fly-by waypoints in Tehran FIR require aircraft to actually fly over the designated point.

True Signup and view all the answers

What is the minimum distance required for lateral separation between aircraft using VOR, based on the content provided?

20 NM Signup and view all the answers

Match the following aircraft separation methods with their descriptions:

VOR separation = Aircraft are established on radials diverging by at least 20 degrees and 20 NM apart. NDB separation = Aircraft are established on tracks diverging by at least 30 degrees and 15 NM apart from the facility. GNSS/GNSS separation = Aircraft are confirmed to be on tracks with zero offset between waypoints as per Table 7 rules. VOR/GNSS separation = One aircraft using VOR while the other using GNSS must meet specified distance criteria. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Procedural Separation Methods and Minima

Introduction

Chapter 5 provides procedures and minima for separating aircraft in the en-route phase of flight
Separation minima not included in Chapter 5 or 6 shall not be applied by Tehran ACC
Strategic Lateral Offset Procedures (SLOP) are not described in I.R.Iran AIP, but can be approved by the controller if traffic permits, up to 2 NM

Vertical Separation

Vertical separation is obtained by requiring aircraft to operate at different levels using prescribed altimeter setting procedures
Geometric height is not used for level measurement; only barometric levels in terms of flight level or altitude are used
Step climb or step descent techniques may be used to simultaneously climb or descend aircraft to vertically separated levels
Vertical separation minima:
- RVSM applies in Tehran FIR with a nominal 1000 feet below FL410 and a nominal 2000 ft at or above this level
- If RVSM is suspended, the vertical separation minimum is a nominal 1000 feet below FL290 and a nominal 2000 feet at or above this level
- Level assignment and cruising levels are determined by the table of cruising levels in 2.37

Horizontal Separation

Horizontal separation is achieved by providing:
- Longitudinal separation
- Lateral separation
Longitudinal separation is applied so that the spacing between the estimated positions of the aircraft being separated is never less than a prescribed minimum
Longitudinal separation minima:
- Minimum separation between same track aircraft at the same cruising level, climbing or descending is 10 minutes, or 5 minutes if the preceding aircraft is maintaining a true airspeed (TAS) of 20 Knots or more faster than the succeeding aircraft
- Minimum separation between same track aircraft on crossing tracks at the same cruising level, climbing or descending is 10 minutes, or 15 minutes if navigation aids permit frequent determination of position and speed
- Minimum separation between aircraft on reciprocal tracks at the same cruising level, climbing or descending is 10 minutes prior to and after the time the aircraft are estimated to pass
Lateral separation is not covered in this chapter### Communication and Separation
If communication is not established within 8 minutes of the report time, alternative separation methods must be applied.
In non-radar environments, RNAV5 ATS routes with centerlines 18.5 NM apart are procedurally separate.

Longitudinal Separation Minima

Distance-based separation using DME and/or GNSS can be applied:
- Between two aircraft using DME, or two aircraft using GNSS, or one aircraft using DME and one aircraft using GNSS.
- Direct controller-pilot VHF voice communication must be maintained.
Specific phraseologies must be used to request GNSS-derived distance:
- REPORT (distance) MILES (GNSS or DME) FROM (name of DME station) (or significant point);
- REPORT (GNSS or DME) DISTANCE FROM (significant point) or (name of DME station).
Separation cannot be used between aircraft at the same cruising level, unless:
- Specific circumstances are approved by the General Director of ATM;
- Both aircraft use the same "on-track" DME station or waypoint;
- Separation is checked by simultaneous DME and/or GNSS readings.

Lateral Separation

Lateral separation can be applied using:
- Different geographic locations;
- Navigation aids (NDB, VOR, or GNSS);
- Area navigation (RNAV) equipment.
Lateral separation minima include:
- By reference to the same or different geographic locations:
  - At least 20 NM distance between aircraft;
  - Presence of navigation aids is mandatory.
- By use of NDB, VOR, or GNSS on intersecting tracks or ATS routes:
  - VOR: at least 20 degrees angular difference and 20 NM distance;
  - NDB: at least 30 degrees angular difference and 28 km (15 NM) distance;
  - GNSS/GNSS: at least 15 NM distance and zero offset between two waypoints.

Clearances to Fly Maintaining Own Separation

Clearances to fly maintaining own separation and remaining in visual meteorological conditions can be issued:
- To controlled flights operating in airspace Class D during daylight hours;
- With pilot agreement and subject to alternative instructions if visual meteorological conditions become impracticable.
Essential traffic information shall be provided to controlled flights concerned:
- Direction of flight, type, and wake turbulence category (if relevant) of aircraft;
- Cruising level and estimated time over the reporting point;
- Relative bearing and distance from conflicting traffic.

Increasing Separation Minima

Separation minima may need to be increased in certain circumstances:
- VIP flights, severe turbulence, navigational aid or communication equipment failure;
- Aircraft performance degradation or emergency.

Air Move Display (AMD)

AMD is used in Tehran ACC sectors where ATS Surveillance Service is not provided.
AMD provides improved information for conflict detection, deviation recognition, and traffic information.
AMD is not used as the basis for provision of procedural vertical or horizontal separations.

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Description

This quiz covers procedural separation methods and minima in the en-route phase of flight, as outlined in Chapter 5 of the Tehran ACC Operations Manual.