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Questions and Answers
What is the most appropriate action for an unresponsive 56 year old man who has been taking hydrocodone after a surgical procedure?
What is the most appropriate action for an unresponsive 56 year old man who has been taking hydrocodone after a surgical procedure?
- Provide rapid defib with AED
- Wait for naloxone to arrive
- Provide 1 rescue breathe every 5-6 seconds until naloxone arrives
- Begin CPR (correct)
Which is an example of a mild foreign body airway obstruction?
Which is an example of a mild foreign body airway obstruction?
- Wheezing between coughs (correct)
- High-pitched noise while inhaling
- Cyanosis
- Inability to speak or cry
Which victim of a severe airway obstruction should receive abdominal thrusts?
Which victim of a severe airway obstruction should receive abdominal thrusts?
- Average size 9 month old infant
- Woman who is pregnant
- Obese 50 year old
- Average size 27 year old man (correct)
What is the most appropriate action when a 9 year old becomes unresponsive during abdominal thrusts?
What is the most appropriate action when a 9 year old becomes unresponsive during abdominal thrusts?
What should be provided with an AED?
What should be provided with an AED?
When should the rescuer initially ensure that the scene is safe?
When should the rescuer initially ensure that the scene is safe?
As soon as an AED becomes available, which of the following is the first step the rescuer should perform to operate the AED?
As soon as an AED becomes available, which of the following is the first step the rescuer should perform to operate the AED?
After the AED delivers a shock, the rescuer should:
After the AED delivers a shock, the rescuer should:
The 2010 AHA Guidelines for CPR and ECC recommend that to identify cardiac arrest in an unresponsive victim with no breathing (or no normal breathing), a healthcare provider should check a pulse for no more than:
The 2010 AHA Guidelines for CPR and ECC recommend that to identify cardiac arrest in an unresponsive victim with no breathing (or no normal breathing), a healthcare provider should check a pulse for no more than:
After you identify an unresponsive victim with no breathing (or no normal breathing) and no pulse, chest compressions should be initiated within:
After you identify an unresponsive victim with no breathing (or no normal breathing) and no pulse, chest compressions should be initiated within:
Which of the following victims need CPR?
Which of the following victims need CPR?
Where should the hands be placed to perform chest compressions on an adult?
Where should the hands be placed to perform chest compressions on an adult?
The depth of compressions for an adult victim should be at least:
The depth of compressions for an adult victim should be at least:
Why is it important to compress to the appropriate depth during CPR?
Why is it important to compress to the appropriate depth during CPR?
The recommended rate for performing chest compressions for victims of all ages is:
The recommended rate for performing chest compressions for victims of all ages is:
The compression-to-ventilation ratio for 1-rescuer adult CPR is:
The compression-to-ventilation ratio for 1-rescuer adult CPR is:
After the airway is opened, which of the following correctly states the proper technique for delivering mouth-to-mouth ventilation?
After the airway is opened, which of the following correctly states the proper technique for delivering mouth-to-mouth ventilation?
The rescuer knows the rescue breath for an infant victim is effective when:
The rescuer knows the rescue breath for an infant victim is effective when:
Which of the following ventilation devices/techniques is not recommended for a single rescuer to provide breaths during CPR?
Which of the following ventilation devices/techniques is not recommended for a single rescuer to provide breaths during CPR?
During bag-mask ventilation, which of the following is recommended to minimize the risk of gastric inflation?
During bag-mask ventilation, which of the following is recommended to minimize the risk of gastric inflation?
When a child has a pulse rate greater than 60 per minute, but is not breathing effectively, the rescuer should:
When a child has a pulse rate greater than 60 per minute, but is not breathing effectively, the rescuer should:
When administering breaths by using a bag-mask device for a child who is not breathing but does have a pulse, the rescuer should:
When administering breaths by using a bag-mask device for a child who is not breathing but does have a pulse, the rescuer should:
In 2-rescuer CPR, while the first rescuer begins chest compressions, the second rescuer should:
In 2-rescuer CPR, while the first rescuer begins chest compressions, the second rescuer should:
Which of the following options lists the correct compression and ventilation rates for 2-rescuer CPR in the presence of an advanced airway?
Which of the following options lists the correct compression and ventilation rates for 2-rescuer CPR in the presence of an advanced airway?
The compression-to-breaths ratio for 2-rescuer child CPR is:
The compression-to-breaths ratio for 2-rescuer child CPR is:
The compression-to-breaths ratio for 2-rescuer infant CPR is:
The compression-to-breaths ratio for 2-rescuer infant CPR is:
If a victim of foreign body airway obstruction becomes unresponsive, the rescuer should send someone to activate the emergency response system and immediately:
If a victim of foreign body airway obstruction becomes unresponsive, the rescuer should send someone to activate the emergency response system and immediately:
If an unresponsive infant is not breathing and has a heart rate of 53 beats per minute and signs of poor perfusion despite oxygenation and ventilation with a bag and mask, which of the following should you perform?
If an unresponsive infant is not breathing and has a heart rate of 53 beats per minute and signs of poor perfusion despite oxygenation and ventilation with a bag and mask, which of the following should you perform?
The recommended depth of compressions for an infant is:
The recommended depth of compressions for an infant is:
The 2 thumb-encircling hands technique for the infant:
The 2 thumb-encircling hands technique for the infant:
In which locations do most out-of-hospital cardiac arrests occur?
In which locations do most out-of-hospital cardiac arrests occur?
Which is the most common cause of cardiac arrest in children?
Which is the most common cause of cardiac arrest in children?
What is the third link in the adult out-of-hospital chain of survival?
What is the third link in the adult out-of-hospital chain of survival?
Which statement best describes sudden cardiac arrest?
Which statement best describes sudden cardiac arrest?
Scenario: A 53-year-old man suddenly collapses and becomes unresponsive. You witness him collapse and are the first rescuer to arrive at the scene. You find him lying motionless on the floor. What is the first action you should take in this situation?
Scenario: A 53-year-old man suddenly collapses and becomes unresponsive. You witness him collapse and are the first rescuer to arrive at the scene. You find him lying motionless on the floor. What is the first action you should take in this situation?
Scenario: A 53-year-old man suddenly collapses and becomes unresponsive. You witness him collapse and are the first rescuer to arrive at the scene. You find him lying motionless on the floor. The man doesn't respond when you touch his shoulders and shout, 'Are you okay?' What is your best next action?
Scenario: A 53-year-old man suddenly collapses and becomes unresponsive. You witness him collapse and are the first rescuer to arrive at the scene. You find him lying motionless on the floor. The man doesn't respond when you touch his shoulders and shout, 'Are you okay?' What is your best next action?
Several rescuers respond and you ask them to activate the emergency response and retrieve the AED and emergency equipment. As you check for a pulse and breathing, you notice that the man is gasping for air and making snorting sounds. You do not feel a pulse. What is the next best action?
Several rescuers respond and you ask them to activate the emergency response and retrieve the AED and emergency equipment. As you check for a pulse and breathing, you notice that the man is gasping for air and making snorting sounds. You do not feel a pulse. What is the next best action?
What is the ratio of chest compressions to breaths when providing CPR to an adult?
What is the ratio of chest compressions to breaths when providing CPR to an adult?
What are the rate and depth of chest compressions on an adult?
What are the rate and depth of chest compressions on an adult?
What action should you take when more rescuers arrive?
What action should you take when more rescuers arrive?
If you suspect that an unresponsive victim has head or neck trauma, what is the preferred method to open the airway?
If you suspect that an unresponsive victim has head or neck trauma, what is the preferred method to open the airway?
What is the most appropriate first step to take as soon as the AED arrives at the victim's side?
What is the most appropriate first step to take as soon as the AED arrives at the victim's side?
Which step is one of the universal steps for operating an AED?
Which step is one of the universal steps for operating an AED?
If a victim of cardiac arrest has an implanted pacemaker or defibrillator, what special steps should be taken?
If a victim of cardiac arrest has an implanted pacemaker or defibrillator, what special steps should be taken?
What action should you take when the AED is analyzing the heart rhythm?
What action should you take when the AED is analyzing the heart rhythm?
After performing high-quality CPR for 5 minutes, the team leader frequently interrupts chest compressions to check for a pulse even though the victim has no organized rhythm when the AED analyzes the rhythm. Which action demonstrates constructive intervention?
After performing high-quality CPR for 5 minutes, the team leader frequently interrupts chest compressions to check for a pulse even though the victim has no organized rhythm when the AED analyzes the rhythm. Which action demonstrates constructive intervention?
The team leader asks you to perform bag-mask ventilation during a resuscitation attempt, but you have not perfected that skill. What would be an appropriate action to acknowledge your limitations?
The team leader asks you to perform bag-mask ventilation during a resuscitation attempt, but you have not perfected that skill. What would be an appropriate action to acknowledge your limitations?
What is the appropriate action to demonstrate closed-loop communication when the team leader assigns you a task?
What is the appropriate action to demonstrate closed-loop communication when the team leader assigns you a task?
What is the correct compression-to-ventilation ratio for a single rescuer of a 3-year-old child?
What is the correct compression-to-ventilation ratio for a single rescuer of a 3-year-old child?
What is the correct compression to ventilation ratio for a 7-year-old child when 2 or more rescuers are present?
What is the correct compression to ventilation ratio for a 7-year-old child when 2 or more rescuers are present?
For what age victims is the thumb-encircling technique recommended when 2 or more rescuers are present?
For what age victims is the thumb-encircling technique recommended when 2 or more rescuers are present?
What is the correct chest compression depth for a child?
What is the correct chest compression depth for a child?
What is the correct chest compression depth for an infant?
What is the correct chest compression depth for an infant?
What should you do when using an AED on an infant or a child less than 8 years of age?
What should you do when using an AED on an infant or a child less than 8 years of age?
If manual defibrillation is not available for an infant victim, what action should you take?
If manual defibrillation is not available for an infant victim, what action should you take?
What is important to remember about placing AED pads on infants?
What is important to remember about placing AED pads on infants?
Which victim would need only rescue breathing?
Which victim would need only rescue breathing?
How often should rescue breaths be given in infants and children when a pulse is present?
How often should rescue breaths be given in infants and children when a pulse is present?
Which action can rescuers perform to potentially reduce the risk of gastric inflation?
Which action can rescuers perform to potentially reduce the risk of gastric inflation?
Which is the preferred method for giving rescue breaths to an infant?
Which is the preferred method for giving rescue breaths to an infant?
What is not an example of an opioid?
What is not an example of an opioid?
Your 27-year-old roommate uses opioids. You find him unresponsive with no breathing, but a strong pulse. You suspect an opioid-associated life-threatening emergency. A friend is phoning 9-1-1 and is looking for a naloxone autoinjector. What action should you take?
Your 27-year-old roommate uses opioids. You find him unresponsive with no breathing, but a strong pulse. You suspect an opioid-associated life-threatening emergency. A friend is phoning 9-1-1 and is looking for a naloxone autoinjector. What action should you take?
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Study Notes
Scene Safety and Initial Actions
- Rescuers must ensure the scene is safe before approaching potential victims.
- The correct first action when an AED arrives is to turn it on.
AED Usage
- Place AED pads on the chest only after activating the device.
- After an AED shock, CPR should resume immediately with chest compressions.
CPR Guidelines
- Check the pulse for no more than 10 seconds in unresponsive victims with no breathing.
- Begin chest compressions within 10 seconds of confirming no pulse in unresponsive victims.
Indications for CPR
- CPR is needed for unresponsive victims with no normal breathing and absent or inadequate pulse.
- Chest compressions should be performed in the lower half of the breastbone.
Compressions Specifics
- Compressions for adults should be at least 2 inches deep and at a rate of at least 100 per minute.
- Compression-to-ventilation ratio for adult CPR is 30:2.
Ventilation Techniques
- For mouth-to-mouth ventilation, ensure a seal and give 2 breaths while watching for chest rise.
- Effective rescue breaths for infants are indicated by visible chest rise.
Special Cases in CPR
- For an ineffective child pulse over 60 bpm, provide breaths without compressions.
- Use bag-mask ventilation at a rate of 1 breath every 3 to 5 seconds for children with a pulse.
Team-Based CPR
- In 2-rescuer CPR, the second rescuer should maintain airway and provide ventilation while the first performs compressions.
- When advanced airway is present, compress at least 100 per minute with 1 breath every 6-8 seconds.
Handling Special Situations
- In cases of airway obstruction leading to unresponsiveness, activate emergency response and start CPR with compressions.
- For trauma cases, utilize the jaw-thrust maneuver to open airways.
Defibrillator Use
- Stand clear when the AED is analyzing rhythm and avoid placing pads directly over pacemakers.
- For infants, one pad should be placed on the chest and one on the back if using AED.
Managing Opioid Emergencies
- If a victim is unresponsive but has a pulse, administer rescue breaths until emergency help arrives.
- In opioid emergencies where the victim is not breathing or lacks a pulse, begin CPR immediately.
Recognizing Obstruction Severity
- Mild foreign body airway obstruction may present with wheezing between coughs; severe obstruction requires immediate abdominal thrusts.
- Abdominal thrusts should not be used on pregnant women or infants; they require modified techniques.
General Guidelines
- Rotate CPR tasks every 2 minutes to prevent rescuer fatigue.
- Closed-loop communication enhances team effectiveness during resuscitation efforts.
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