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Questions and Answers
When is the rescue breath for an infant victim effective?
When is the rescue breath for an infant victim effective?
The chest raises visibly
What should the rescuer do when a child has a heart rate greater than 60 per minute and a pulse but is not breathing effectively?
What should the rescuer do when a child has a heart rate greater than 60 per minute and a pulse but is not breathing effectively?
Give breaths without chest compressions
Which of the following ventilation devices or techniques is not recommended for a single rescuer to provide breaths during CPR?
Which of the following ventilation devices or techniques is not recommended for a single rescuer to provide breaths during CPR?
- Mouth-to-mouth
- Bag-mask device (correct)
- BVM (Bag Valve Mask)
- Mouth-to-nose
What are the correct compression and ventilation rates for 2-rescuer CPR in the presence of an advanced airway?
What are the correct compression and ventilation rates for 2-rescuer CPR in the presence of an advanced airway?
What should a rescuer do immediately after the AED delivers a shock?
What should a rescuer do immediately after the AED delivers a shock?
If an unresponsive infant has a heart rate of 53 beats per minute and signs of poor perfusion, what should you perform?
If an unresponsive infant has a heart rate of 53 beats per minute and signs of poor perfusion, what should you perform?
Where should the hands be placed to perform chest compressions on an adult?
Where should the hands be placed to perform chest compressions on an adult?
What is the preferred chest compression technique for 2-rescuer CPR on an infant?
What is the preferred chest compression technique for 2-rescuer CPR on an infant?
What is the recommended rate for performing chest compressions for victims of all ages?
What is the recommended rate for performing chest compressions for victims of all ages?
What should be the depth of chest compressions for an adult victim?
What should be the depth of chest compressions for an adult victim?
What is the compression-to-breaths ratio for 2-rescuer child CPR?
What is the compression-to-breaths ratio for 2-rescuer child CPR?
What is the compression-to-ventilation ratio for 2-rescuer infant CPR?
What is the compression-to-ventilation ratio for 2-rescuer infant CPR?
What is the recommended depth of chest compressions for an infant?
What is the recommended depth of chest compressions for an infant?
Which victims need CPR?
Which victims need CPR?
Why is it important to compress to the appropriate depth during CPR?
Why is it important to compress to the appropriate depth during CPR?
What is the first step the rescuer should perform to operate the AED?
What is the first step the rescuer should perform to operate the AED?
If a victim of foreign body airway obstruction becomes unresponsive, what should the rescuer immediately do?
If a victim of foreign body airway obstruction becomes unresponsive, what should the rescuer immediately do?
When should the rescuer initially ensure that the scene is safe?
When should the rescuer initially ensure that the scene is safe?
How long should a healthcare provider check a pulse to identify cardiac arrest in an unresponsive victim?
How long should a healthcare provider check a pulse to identify cardiac arrest in an unresponsive victim?
What technique is recommended to minimize the risk of gastric inflation during bag-mask ventilation?
What technique is recommended to minimize the risk of gastric inflation during bag-mask ventilation?
After identifying an unresponsive victim with no breathing and no pulse, what should be initiated?
After identifying an unresponsive victim with no breathing and no pulse, what should be initiated?
In 2-rescuer CPR, what should the second rescuer do while the first rescuer begins chest compressions?
In 2-rescuer CPR, what should the second rescuer do while the first rescuer begins chest compressions?
What is the proper technique for delivering mouth-to-mouth ventilation after opening the airway?
What is the proper technique for delivering mouth-to-mouth ventilation after opening the airway?
When administering breaths using a bag-mask device for a child who is not breathing but does have a pulse, how should the rescuer give breaths?
When administering breaths using a bag-mask device for a child who is not breathing but does have a pulse, how should the rescuer give breaths?
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Study Notes
Infant Rescue Breaths
- Effective rescue breaths for infants are confirmed when the chest visibly rises.
Child Heart Rate and Breathing
- If a child has a heart rate over 60 but is not breathing effectively, administer breaths without performing chest compressions.
Ventilation Techniques
- A bag-mask device is not recommended for single rescuers providing breaths during CPR.
Compressions and Ventilations Rates
- In 2-rescuer CPR with an advanced airway, compress at a minimum rate of 100 per minute and deliver 1 breath every 6 to 8 seconds.
Post-AED Shock Actions
- After an AED delivers a shock, immediately resume CPR starting with chest compressions.
Unresponsive Infant Protocol
- For an unresponsive infant not breathing with a heart rate of 53 bpm and signs of poor perfusion, perform both chest compressions and breaths.
Chest Compression Position for Adults
- Hands should be positioned on the lower half of the breastbone for effective chest compressions on adults.
Preferred Technique for Infants
- The "2 thumb encircling hands" technique is the preferred method for 2-rescuer CPR on infants.
Recommended Compression Rate
- The standard rate for chest compressions across all age groups is at least 100 compressions per minute.
Compression Depth for Adults
- Chest compressions for adult victims should reach a minimum depth of 2 inches (5 cm).
Compression-to-Breaths Ratio for Children
- The recommended compression-to-breaths ratio for 2-rescuer child CPR is 15:2.
Compression-to-Ventilation Ratio for Infants
- Infants should also have a compression-to-ventilation ratio of 15:2 during 2-rescuer CPR.
Compression Depth for Infants
- The recommended compression depth for infants is about 1.5 inches (4 cm), or at least 1/3 the depth of the chest.
Identifying CPR Needs
- CPR is necessary for victims who are unresponsive, have no normal breathing, and no pulse.
Importance of Compression Depth
- Adequate compression depth is crucial to ensure sufficient blood flow during resuscitation.
First Step with AED
- Upon availability of an AED, the first action for the rescuer is to turn on the device.
Protocol for Unresponsive with Airway Obstruction
- If a victim becomes unresponsive due to foreign body airway obstruction, activate the emergency response system and start CPR immediately, beginning with compressions.
Scene Safety
- A rescuer should ensure the scene is safe as soon as they identify a potential victim.
Checking for Cardiac Arrest
- According to AHA guidelines, healthcare providers should check for a pulse in an unresponsive victim for no longer than 10 seconds.
Minimizing Gastric Inflation
- During bag-mask ventilation, deliver breaths just until the chest rises to minimize the risk of gastric inflation.
Timeliness of Chest Compressions
- After identifying an unresponsive victim with no normal breathing and no pulse, initiate chest compressions without delay.
Roles in 2-Rescuer CPR
- While one rescuer performs chest compressions, the second rescuer should maintain an open airway and provide ventilations.
Mouth-to-Mouth Ventilation Technique
- Correct mouth-to-mouth ventilation involves opening the airway, sealing the rescuer's mouth over the victim's, pinching the nose, and providing 2 breaths while watching for chest rise.
Administration of Breaths for Children
- In cases where a child is not breathing but has a pulse, deliver breaths at a rate of 1 breath every 3 to 5 seconds.
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