Questions and Answers
What is the first step in scene safety and assessment?
When do you start CPR?
No pulse felt and abnormal breathing.
When do you provide rescue breathing?
Pulse felt and abnormal breathing.
What is the rescue breathing rate for adults?
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What is the first step of CPR?
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How do you check for a pulse?
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What is the rate of CPR for adults?
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What is the minimum depth for chest compressions in adults?
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How should hands be placed during adult CPR?
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Chest recoil must be complete in CPR.
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What technique is used to open the airway?
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What is the function of an AED?
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What should you do after AED shocks?
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When should an AED operator clear the victim?
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What are the anterolateral pad placements for AED in adults & children 8+?
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What is the pulse check location in an infant?
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What is the proper ventilation rate for a child needing rescue breaths?
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What should you do if an adult victim is unresponsive, not breathing, and without a pulse?
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What is the compression to ventilation ratio in children with one rescuer?
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What is the compression to ventilation ratio in children with two rescuers?
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What should you do if the patient is unresponsive?
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How do you open the airway in infants?
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Study Notes
Scene Safety and Assessment
- Ensure scene safety before approaching a victim.
- Check for responsiveness by asking, "Are you okay?"
- Call 911 and retrieve an AED if necessary.
- Evaluate for normal breathing and check the carotid pulse (gasping is not normal breathing).
- Be prepared to provide CPR if needed.
When to Start CPR
- Initiate CPR when there is no pulse and abnormal breathing is detected.
When to Provide Rescue Breathing
- Administer rescue breathing if a pulse is present but breathing is abnormal.
Rescue Breathing for Adults
- Deliver 1 breath every 6 seconds, which equates to 10 breaths per minute.
First Step of CPR
- Always begin with checking for a pulse.
Checking for a Pulse
- Use 2-3 fingers to locate the carotid pulse (located in the groove next to the trachea).
- Assess the pulse for less than 5 seconds and no more than 10 seconds.
CPR Techniques for Adults
- Perform chest compressions at a rate of 100-120 per minute with a depth of at least 2 inches.
- Place hands on the lower half of the sternum.
- Ensure complete chest recoil.
- Limit interruptions to compressions to no more than 10 seconds.
Opening the Airway
- Use the head tilt-chin lift method to open the airway.
Using a Pocket Mask
- Position at the victim's side and place the mask on their face, aligning with the bridge of the nose.
- Seal the mask using an E-C clamp technique and deliver 1 breath over one second to see the chest rise.
Bag-Mask Device
- Provides positive pressure ventilation and may include a one-way valve.
Using a Bag-Mask Device
- Position at the victim's side and use the E-C clamp technique to secure the mask.
- Squeeze the bag while watching for the rise and fall of the chest.
Fatal Arrhythmias Causing Cardiac Arrest
- Pulseless ventricular tachycardia (PvT) and ventricular fibrillation (VF) can lead to cardiac arrest.
Function of an AED
- An AED analyzes heart rhythm and delivers a shock if necessary.
After AED Shocks
- Continue CPR immediately starting with chest compressions.
AED Operation
- AED operators must clear the victim during rhythm analysis and before shock delivery.
AED Pad Placement for Adults & Children (8+)
- Anterolateral placement: left side of the chest at the left nipple and below the right clavicle.
- Anteroposterior placement: left side of the chest and back.
Minimizing Interruptions with an AED
- Continue CPR until AED prompts to clear.
- After shock delivery or if no shock is advised, resume CPR starting with compressions.
- In two-rescuer scenarios, one should perform compressions while the other prepares the AED.
Unresponsive Patient Protocol
- Call for help and check breathing and pulse.
Proper Ventilation Rate for Rescue Breathing
- Deliver 1 breath every 6 seconds (10 breaths/min) for patients with a pulse but abnormal breathing.
Actions After 4 Minutes of Rescue Breathing
- Immediately start CPR and turn on the AED if no pulse is detected during a pulse check.
Resuming CPR After AED Analysis
- Continue CPR until the AED instructs a rhythm check, the ALS team arrives, or the patient shows signs of life.
Pediatric Chain of Survival
- Focuses on prevention, activation of emergency response, CPR, advanced resuscitation, post-cardiac arrest care, and recovery.
Pulse Check in Infants
- Use the brachial pulse located in the interior medial space between the shoulder and elbow.
Opening the Airway in Infants
- Similar to adults, use head tilt-chin lift to open the airway.
CPR Techniques for Children
- Maintain a rate of 100-120 compressions per minute, about 2 inches in depth.
- Use 1 or 2 hands on the lower half of the sternum and ensure complete chest recoil.
Treatment for Unresponsive Adults
- Activate the emergency response system and obtain an AED.
Locations of the Femoral Artery Pulse
- Midway between hip and pubic bones, just below the crease where the leg meets the torso.
CPR for Infants
- Perform at a rate of 100-120 per minute with a ratio of 30 compressions to 2 breaths.
- Compress to a depth of about 1.5 inches and ensure complete recoil with interruptions under 10 seconds.
Compression to Ventilation Ratios for Children
- For one rescuer: 30:2 and for two rescuers: 15:2.
AED Pad Placement for Children
- Anteroposterior placement is recommended for children.
Assessing Unresponsive Children
- Check for abnormal breathing or lack of breathing while checking for the carotid pulse.
Delivering Rescue Breaths for Children
- Provide breaths at a rate of 1 every 2-3 seconds (20-30 breaths/min) if a pulse is present but breathing is insufficient.
Immediate Actions When No Pulse is Detected
- Initiate CPR and get an AED if a pulse is absent after 2 minutes of rescue breaths.
Using AED Pads for Children
- If only adult pads are available, they should be used on children aged 8 or younger.
CPR Ratios Post-AED Shock in Children
- After delivering a shock, resume CPR at a ratio of 30 compressions to 2 breaths.
Assessing Unresponsive Infants
- Check for abnormal breathing or no breathing while checking the brachial pulse.
Rescue Breaths for Infants
- Provide rescue breaths at a rate of 1 every 2-3 seconds if the infant has a pulse but is not breathing normally.
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Description
Test your knowledge on Basic Life Support (BLS) with these flashcards. This quiz covers essential concepts such as scene safety, CPR initiation, and rescue breathing techniques. Perfect for those preparing for the AHA BLS certification.
