Agriculture and Copper Industries in India

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Questions and Answers

What was the growth rate of the agriculture sector in India over the last 50 years?

The growth rate of the agriculture sector in India was around 2.7%.

What percentage of India's population is involved in agriculture and allied activities according to the 2011 census?

54.6% of India's population is involved in agriculture and allied activities.

Which agricultural commodity contributes more than 40% of total pulses production in India?

Chana contributes more than 40% of total pulses production in India.

What is India’s standing in the world regarding the production and export of spices?

India is the leading producer, consumer, and exporter of spices in the world. Signup and view all the answers

What was the value of agricultural exports from India in FY19?

The agricultural exports from India reached US$ 38.54 billion in FY19. Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of soybean in the global economy?

Soybean is economically significant as it provides vegetable protein for millions, with uses ranging from human and animal food to industrial products. Signup and view all the answers

Identify the main seasonal period for soybean arrivals in India.

The main seasonal period for soybean arrivals in India is September and October. Signup and view all the answers

How does the price of soybean tend to change during the peak arrival months?

During the peak arrival months of September and October, soybean prices tend to decline. Signup and view all the answers

What role does soybean oil play in industrial applications?

Soybean oil has wide industrial applications, serving as an ingredient and precursor material in various products. Signup and view all the answers

List two states in India where soybean is primarily grown.

Soybean is primarily grown in Maharashtra and Rajasthan. Signup and view all the answers

What factors are driving the growing copper demand in the electrical segment in India?

Affordable housing schemes, rural electrification, and urbanization are driving the copper demand. Signup and view all the answers

How is copper being utilized in medical applications?

Copper is used as an alternative to plastic for sterile table tops and medical cart handles. Signup and view all the answers

What role does copper play in renewable energy systems?

Copper is essential for clean energy systems, including wind and solar thermal plants. Signup and view all the answers

How does the usage of copper in electric vehicles (EVs) compare to conventional vehicles?

EVs use typically four times more copper than conventional vehicles. Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant benefit of using copper-based devices in seismic energy dissipation?

Copper-based devices help absorb energy to reduce earthquake damage to buildings. Signup and view all the answers

In what form is primary nickel primarily produced and used?

Primary nickel is mainly produced and used as ferro-nickel, nickel oxides, and nickel sulphate. Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the increase in marine aquaculture nets made with copper-alloy mesh?

They provide effective solutions to important problems in near-shore fish farming. Signup and view all the answers

What are two major methods being explored to improve copper's efficiency in energy transmission?

Incorporating nanocarbon materials into copper and developing ultra-conductive copper components. Signup and view all the answers

What are the principal forms in which nickel occurs in nature?

Nickel occurs primarily as oxides, sulphides, and silicates. Signup and view all the answers

What is the anticipated CAGR for the nickel market between 2020 and 2025?

The nickel market is expected to expand at a CAGR of more than 5%. Signup and view all the answers

What major industry is cited as a primary driver for nickel demand?

The oil and gas industry is a major driver for the demand for corrosion-resistant alloys. Signup and view all the answers

Why is the supply-demand scenario for nickel described as volatile?

Volatility in the supply-demand scenario is expected to hinder the growth of the nickel market. Signup and view all the answers

Which region is noted for dominating the nickel market?

Asia-Pacific dominated the nickel market with the largest consumption. Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of primary nickel usage does the stainless steel industry account for?

The stainless steel industry accounts for approximately 75% of all primary nickel usage. Signup and view all the answers

What opportunity is expected to influence the nickel market in the future?

The growing popularity of electric vehicles is likely to act as an opportunity for the nickel market. Signup and view all the answers

What is one key factor that is expected to hinder the growth of the nickel market?

Volatility in the supply-demand scenario is expected to hinder market growth. Signup and view all the answers

What is the average mass of zinc found in every ton of the Earth's crust?

65 grams. Signup and view all the answers

Which countries are leading producers of zinc in the early 21st century?

China, Australia, and Peru. Signup and view all the answers

What process is commonly used to produce metallic zinc?

Roasting the sulfide ores and then leaching or smelting. Signup and view all the answers

In what state is zinc at room temperature?

Zinc is a slightly brittle metal. Signup and view all the answers

How is the appearance of zinc described when oxidation is removed?

It has a blue-silvery appearance. Signup and view all the answers

Which metal is Zn in terms of abundance compared to copper?

Zinc is slightly more abundant than copper. Signup and view all the answers

What rank does zinc hold among the most widely consumed metals in the world?

Zinc is the fourth most widely consumed metal. Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical finish of most commercial grades of metallic zinc?

They have a dull finish. Signup and view all the answers

What are the primary methods used in the zinc mining process?

Zinc is primarily mined underground (80%), with 8% from open pits and 12% using both methods. Signup and view all the answers

At what temperature is zinc concentrate roasted during the extraction process?

Zinc concentrate is roasted at a temperature of 950 degrees Celsius. Signup and view all the answers

Which country is the largest producer of zinc in terms of mine production?

China is the largest producer, accounting for about 34% of the world's zinc mine production. Signup and view all the answers

List two major uses of zinc in commercial industries.

Zinc is used in galvanizing iron and steel against corrosion and in making brasses and alloys for die-casting. Signup and view all the answers

How does zinc benefit human health and agriculture?

Zinc serves as a micronutrient essential for people, plants, and animals. Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of India’s infrastructure investment on the zinc market?

India's investment in infrastructure is driving strong growth and end-demand for zinc. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of galvanizing steel with zinc?

The primary purpose of galvanizing steel with zinc is to avoid rusting. Signup and view all the answers

Name one industry where zinc is commonly used as a die-casting material?

Zinc is commonly used in the die-casting industry. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Overview of Commodities - Agricultural Commodities

Agricultural commodities are products derived from farming, including crops and livestock.
International trade in agricultural commodities involves many countries.
Major agricultural commodities in India include grains, fibers, pulses, oilseeds & meals, spices, and vegetable oil.
Major producing states in India for these commodities vary.
Factors affecting spot prices of agricultural commodities in India include market response and expectations; factors influencing prices (potato, rubber, soybean, soybean meal, refined soyoil, cotton); and seasonality.
Seasonality in agricultural commodities prices is affected by growing seasons and crops.

Hard Commodities vs Soft Commodities

Hard commodities include natural resources like metal ores and oil reserves. Supply and demand are predictable.
Soft commodities include agricultural produce and livestock. Supply and demand are more volatile, depending on various external factors, and weather.

Classification of Agri. Commodities

Grains: Rice, maize, wheat, and other coarse grains
Fiber: Cotton, jute, and others
Pulses: Gram, moong, tur, urad, peas, masoor, and other lentils
Oil Seeds and Meals: Sunflower, groundnut, soybean, rapeseed (mustard)
Spices: red chillies, black pepper, turmeric, jeera (cumin), coriander, cardamom
Vegetable Oil: Sunflower, groundnut, palm oil, soybean, rapeseed (mustard)

Top ten agricultural commodities

Milk: $198bn
Rice: $191bn
Pig: $173bn
Cattle: $171bn
Chicken: $137bn
Wheat: $86bn
Soybeans: $69bn
Maize: $67bn
Sugarcane: $61bn
Tomatoes: $60bn

Agri. Products Production – Global Scenario

Cereals are the most prevalent group of crops globally, exceeding 20% of global land area and 61% of the total cultivated land.
Wheat, maize, barley, rice, and millet are dominant crops, covering over two-thirds of the cropland worldwide.
Wheat occupies 22% of total cultivated land globally.
Oil-bearing crops cover over 10% of cropland.
Pulses are the third largest group of crops in cultivation globally (after cereals and oil-bearing crops).
Potatoes and cassava (tubers) together cover 4% of the world's total harvested area.
Cotton accounts for over 3% of global cropland.

Top Agricultural Producing Countries

Agricultural commodities like Coffee, Cotton, Maize, Potatoes, Pulses, Rice, Rubber, Soybean, Sugarcane, Tea, and Wheat, and their top producing countries across the world are listed.

Major Exporters of Food & Agri. Products

Data on major exporters of various food and agricultural products is presented showing exports in US$ billions and percentage of total world exported over time.

Major Importers of Food & Agri. Products

Data on major importers of various food and agricultural products is presented showing imports in US$ billions and percentage of total world imported over time.

Overview of Agri. Sector in India

India has been an agrarian country historically.
India faced a shortage of agricultural products.
Indian Agriculture contributes 14.4% to the country's Gross Value Added in the year 2018-19.
Indian agricultural exports reached US$ 38.54 billion in FY19 and US$ 28.93 billion in FY20.
India is among the top 15 exporters of agricultural products.
Key agricultural products include spices, cotton, sugar, and cereals (grains and rice).

India's Trade in Agricultural Commodities

Data on commodity-wise imports and exports in Indian agricultural trade (2019-20).
Figures for imports, exports, and Crude Oil, Gold, Vegetable Oil are displayed.

Data on sectoral share in GVA (Gross Value Added) in India (2011-12 series) is presented over different years

Data on percentage of area under major crops (rice, wheat, pulses, etc.) across various years.
Charts show the percentage change in acreage of different crops over a period.

Largest Producing States of Important Crops

Data on largest producing states of major crops in India over a period.

Soybean: Area, Production & Yield in Major Producing States

Data on the area, production, and yield of soybeans in major producing states in India (2016-17 & 2017-18).

Soybean: Seasonality

Data on soybean prices over a period are presented, plotted against time.

Soybean: Price Influencing Factors

Diagram illustrating the various factors influencing soybean prices.

Cotton: Area, Production & Yield in Major Producing States

Data on cotton production, area, and yield in different states in India (2016-17 and 2017-18)

Cotton - Price Influencing Factors

Influencing parameters for cotton prices are presented in a diagram.

Natural Rubber: Price Influencing Factors

Factors influencing natural rubber prices are outlined in a diagram.

Potato: Area, Production & Yield in Major Producing States

Data on the area, production, and yield of potatoes in India (2016–17 & 2017–18)

Potato - Price Influencing Factors

Diagram illustrating the factors affecting potato prices.

Overview of Commodities - Metals

Various metals are presented in image format.
Introduction to base metals is presented.
Industrial applications and usage of various base metals are included.
Important metals markets in the world are reviewed.
Factors that influence base metal prices are presented.
Overview of base metal markets in India is given along with detailed information on precious metals, gold, and silver.
Details on the role of international bodies such as the LBMA in metal pricing are presented.

Aluminum Factsheet

Aluminum is an excellent reflector of heat, light, and electromagnetic waves.
High thermal conductivity makes it suitable for various industrial applications.
Aluminum's lightweight nature and high strength make it suitable for transportation.
Aluminum is a versatile metal alloyed with other elements for improved properties.
Aluminum is widely recycled and corrosion resistant.

Various Forms of Aluminum

Different forms of aluminum products are illustrated in visual format.

Aluminum Production Process

Detailed stages and processes involved in aluminum production, from bauxite mining to final product shaping, are presented.

Global Aluminum Production - Major Producers

The global production volumes of aluminum by different countries are provided in 2023.

Key Global Players (Aluminum)

Leading companies involved in aluminum production are listed.

Domestic Aluminum Balance Sheet

Data for India's aluminum production, consumption, exports, and imports is presented over a period.

Indian Aluminum Production vs Global - A Comparative Outlook

Captive power costs and metal cost breakup in the production process are displayed.

Aluminum Consumption - India Vs Global

Charts showing the sector-wise consumption of aluminum in India. Information on global patterns is also available in the form of a sector consumption pie graph.

Copper Factsheet

Copper is an essential nutrient for humans and animals.
Copper is antimicrobial and helps reduce pathogen growth.
Recycling copper is environmentally friendly.
Copper improves efficiency for energy production and distribution.

Global Copper Reserves

Data on global identified copper resources, reserves, mine capacity, and production is presented.

Copper Production Process

Steps involved in producing refined copper from raw material are visualized in diagram format.

Copper in Various Forms

Visual representations of different copper products (sheets, wire, rods) are shown

Global Refined Copper Production - By Major Countries

Global refined copper production data (measured in thousands of metric tonnes) by major countries is included in a bar chart format

World Refined Production Trends

Data on world refined copper production (measured in thousands of metric tons) from 1960 to 2018 is presented in a bar chart style visualization.

Global Trade in Copper and Copper Products

Displays data for copper imports and exports (measured in thousands of metric tonnes) by product category.

Copper Stocks, Price & Usage

Chart providing a comprehensive view of copper stock levels (thousands of metric tonnes), prices (US cents/pound), and usage over time using different colors to differentiate the lines.

Copper Uses - India Vs Global

Displays sector-wise copper usage data for India and globally as percentages.

India Copper - Balance Sheet

Information on India's copper production, consumption, exports, and imports.

Trade Tensions and Aluminum Prices

Data about the effects of trade tensions and a Rusal ban on aluminum prices, from the perspective of the London Metal Exchange (LME).

Nickel Factsheet

Data related to various aspects of Nickel is presented.

Nickel - Profile

Information on where nickel is found, mining methods, and its uses are outlined.

Nickel - Market Overview

Overall market conditions, factors affecting it, and its importance in the industries are highlighted.

Nickel - Fundamentals

Data on nickel's mine production, refined production, consumption, and stock levels over different years across multiple countries

Estimated World Nickel Ore Reserves

Graph displaying estimated world nickel ore reserves in various countries

World Nickel Mine Production Trends

Comparison of the world's nickel mine output across different years.

World Nickel Usage (1995–2017)

Visualization of world nickel usage accumulation trends from 1995 to 2017. Numbers in millions of tonnes.

Global Stainless Steel Production

Annual stainless steel production figures in thousands of metric tons from 2015 to 2018.

Primary Nickel Producers

Data related to top nickel producers across various countries in 2017 and 2016 is visualized using a bar graph.

Nickel Usage

Comprehensive information on the various uses of nickel and industries involved.

Nickel Usage (2013)

Pie chart illustrating how much of primary nickel was used in different industries (stainless steel, alloys, plating, non-ferrous) in 2013.

Nickel – Competitive Landscape

Major players and market conditions in the nickel sector are presented in a diagram.

India Nickel Imports (country-wise)

Data on nickel imports by country (in US dollar millions) is presented.

India Nickel Imports (year-wise)

Data on annual nickel imports into India (in US$ millions) is shown.

Nickel Price Movement (LME)

Shows a visual of nickel prices over time in USD/MT format.

Zinc - Smelting Process

Details on manufacturing of zinc from raw material in step-by-step illustration format.

World Zinc Production & Consumption

Graph showing data on world zinc production and consumption (measured in thousands of metric tons) for various years.

World Zinc Production & Usage

The industry-wise usage of zinc (Galvanising, Dry cells, Zinc Alloys, Die Casting, and Chemicals & Others) is displayed in a pie chart.

Zinc – Price Influencing Factors

Various factors affecting zinc prices are presented in a diagram.

Zinc Price Movement (CME)

Time-series visualization of zinc price changes in USD/MT.

Lead Factsheet

Details about the properties of lead (weight, density, atomic properties, etc.)

Lead - Profile

Information on lead's origins in history, how it was used, and its role as a primary or secondary metal.

Lead Smelting Process

Illustration of lead smelting, including various stages, and by-products.

World Lead Production & Consumption

Graph presenting worldwide lead production and consumption (in 1,000 metric tons) across various years.

End Use of Lead

Graphical representation of lead usage (percentages) in various applications (Batteries, Cable Sheathing, Rolled products Shot/Ammunition, Pigments, Miscellaneous)

Domestic Lead Market

Overview of lead export destinations and import sources, along with types of lead traded within the country.

Domestic Lead Production

Data on India's lead production volume, presented as a bar chart, over a period.

Lead – Price Influencing Factors

Elements affecting lead prices are presented in a diagram.

Lead Price Movement (CME)

Bar chart showing lead price activity over various periods in USD/tonne format.

Lead Price Movement & Stock Levels (LME)

Graph plotting lead price and inventory against time is displayed.

Base Metal Market - Competitive Landscape

Overview of the competitive landscape for the base metal market.

Steel - Overview

Details about steel production, including the leading producers and usage trends.

World Crude Steel Production

Visual representation of annual crude steel production (in millions of tonnes), displayed as a bar graph over the years.

Steel – GDP & Production Rate Comparison

Chart illustrating GDP growth and steel production growth compared over various years.

Domestic Steel Industry - Journey So Far

Timeline and key developments in the Indian steel industry (major events and associated year).

Domestic Crude Steel Production

Graph displaying annual crude steel production volume in India (in millions of tonnes).

Sector-Wise Domestic Demand for Steel

Sector-wise breakdown of domestic steel demand as a pie chart.

Export value of base metals from India

Graph displaying export figures in US$ million for various base metals.

Gold Ore Reserves by Countries

World distribution of gold reserves in pie chart format.

Major Gold Producers

Visual representation of major gold producers, presented as a bar graph, for both 2018 and 2019 data

Gold Refining Simplified

Detailed steps in gold refining process visually presented.

Various Gold Products

Diverse gold products (bars, coins, and other forms)

Historical Gold Price Movements

Time-series visualization of gold prices over many years.

Central Bank Reserves

Ranking of major global countries by gold reserves, displayed as a bar chart.

Current Global Gold Demand Trends

Summary of gold demand trends in the first half of 2020.

India Gold Imports and Consumption

Data on gold imports into India from 1999 to 2017, and global as well as Indian gold consumption in 2017.

Gold Prices Movers and Shakers

Economic circumstances, currency fluctuations, and geopolitical events influencing gold prices.

Gold Prices and Currency Rates

Correlation of gold prices with USD/INR over time.

Gold Price Vs Real Interest Rates

Plot of gold price against real interest rates over time.

India's Gold Policy Regime

Overview of India's gold policy changes from restrictions to liberalization.

Distractors of India Gold Prices Vs Global Prices

Graph showing periods of fluctuations and variations regarding imports and other market changes, with detailed notes about factors.

India Customs Duty Regime

Data on gold import duties and corresponding years

Drivers of Gold Prices in India

Factors driving gold prices, both long-term and short-term, in the India market.

Global Mine Production of Silver

Shows the year-wise production of silver across various countries globally (in metric tons).

Leading Silver Producing Countries

Graph highlighting top silver-producing countries' output figures.

Top Silver Producing Countries/Companies

Output figures (in millions of oz) for major silver producing countries and companies is shown per various year across the data.

Export World Silver Supply & Demand

Graph showing world supply and demand for silver by different categories (Import; Net hedging; Manufacturing; and Physical demand) per relevant years.

Silver Prices & US$

Detailed chart illustrating silver prices versus US dollar over time.

Silver Price Movements

Chart tracking fluctuations in silver prices across different currencies over various periods.

Gold/Silver Ratio

Graph displaying how the ratio of gold to silver changes comparatively over many years.

Correlations Of Changes In Daily Prices

Data on correlations of daily price changes for various commodities (including Gold, US$ Index, Oil, Copper, etc.)

Silver Prices Against Other Benchmarks

Chart illustrating the correlation of silver prices with other benchmarks (like gold, copper, and the S&P 500 index).

Domestic Industrial Fabrication

Graph showing the annual industrial production of different types of materials over time.

Overview of Commodities – Energy Products

General introduction to energy products, major producers, and value chains.

Primary Energy Mix for India

Percentage representation of primary energy sources in India in 2010 and projected share for 2025.

Source-wise Consumption of Energy

Pie chart representing energy consumption across different sources in India during 2018-19

The Decline of Coal in Three Charts

Charts on the declining use, price and market capitalisation data of coal in the global and domestic context

Trends in Domestic Consumption of Energy

Year-wise coal, lignite, crude oil, natural gas, and electricity consumption data, with growth rates

Historical data on OPEC's share of global crude oil production as a percentage, from 2015-2019.

Crude Reserves - OPEC Vs Non-OPEC

Percentage representation of crude oil reserves held by OPEC countries and non-OPEC countries (billions of barrels).

Visualization (in mb/d units) showing the trends of OPEC, Non-OPEC and total global supply, also displaying the OPEC market share from 2015-2019.

World Crude Oil Demand/Supply

Summary of global crude oil demand and supply (in mb/d units).

Major Crude Oil Types

Major crude oil types categorized based on source regions (OPEC and Non-OPEC) and specific grades are listed (with their geographic origin).

Crude Refining and Products

A visual representation of the crude oil refining process and the various products obtained. The quantities of different products per barrel of crude are highlighted in a graphic.

Crude Oil Production and Imports

Information on India's crude oil production and import data from 2002 to 2020.

Increasing Dependency on Crude Oil Imports & Need for Diversification

Details regarding India's dependence on imports of Crude Oil. This includes a pie chart representation of import sources and India's crude oil imports by country.

Domestic NG Market – Regulatory Scenario

Discussion about current regulatory policies and strategies for meeting domestic natural gas market demand

Domestic NG Chain - Regulatory Scenario

Details of the regulatory rules and regulations regarding natural gas for imports, production, processing, transportation & distribution, sales, etc., across India

NG Pipelines

Map visualizing the existing and planned natural gas pipelines across major producing regions in India

Coal - Introduction

General introduction to coal, its composition, global production and consumption, and key industrial uses.

Typical Coal Value Chain

Illustration depicting the essential parts in the process for coal production

Types of Coal

Categorization of coals based on moisture content and heat content from peat to anthracite.

Coal - Price Influencing Factors

The graphical illustration of factors influencing coal prices.

Domestic Coal Market

Overview of domestic coal market statistics and production details

Estimated Reserves of Coal in India

Visual representation of coal reserves in India, categorized as proved, indicated, and inferred types.

Domestic Coal Production & Consumption

Year-wise coal production and consumption (in millions of metric tons). This includes growth rates.

Industry-wise Domestic Consumption of Raw Coal

Consumption figures (million tonnes) for various industries (steel, electricity generation, etc.).

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Description

This quiz covers critical aspects of the agriculture sector in India, including growth rates, commodity contributions, and export values. Additionally, it explores the significance of copper in various applications, its demand in the electrical segment, and its role in renewable energy. Test your knowledge on both agriculture and copper industries!