Introduction to Pharm MB
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Introduction to Pharm MB

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is NOT a method of fighting plant diseases in Agricultural Microbiology?

  • Using bio pesticides such as Bacillus thurengiensis
  • Applying organic fertilizers to increase soil fertility
  • Spraying chemical insecticides to kill pests (correct)
  • Genetically engineering crops and animal species
  • What is the primary function of microorganisms in Industrial Microbiology?

  • To produce antibiotics and vaccines
  • To make products such as bacteriocins, preservatives, and lactic acids (correct)
  • To clean up environmental pollutants
  • To increase soil fertility and crops yield
  • Which of the following is an example of a genetically modified organism (GMO) in Agricultural Microbiology?

  • A microbe used in bio pesticide
  • A hybrid animal species
  • A bio fertilizer
  • A genetically engineered crop (correct)
  • What is the role of microorganisms in Environmental Microbiology?

    <p>To identify and isolate microbes in soil, water, air, and sediments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an application of Aquatic Microbiology?

    <p>Studying microorganisms in fresh or salt water systems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the source of the enzyme Taq used in PCR Technology?

    <p>Thermobacillus aquaticus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT an application of Industrial Microbiology?

    <p>Cleaning up environmental pollutants</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of microorganisms in Food and Dairy Microbiology?

    <p>To act as starter cultures for making food products</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of a bioreactor in Environmental Microbiology?

    <p>A biogas generating plant</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of Microbial Biomass Industries?

    <p>To generate microorganisms as starter cultures or food biomass</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of a single cell protein (SCP) microbial biomass?

    <p>Microalga</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of genetic screening and modification in industrial production of useful metabolites?

    <p>To circumvent the regulatory mechanisms of cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of microbial amylase in the production of distilled alcoholic beverages?

    <p>To convert starch into fermentable sugars</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT an example of a microbial biomass product?

    <p>Palm oil</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of manipulating biological, chemical, and physical conditions of the culture in industrial production of useful metabolites?

    <p>To circumvent the regulatory mechanisms of cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of a non-distilled alcoholic beverage?

    <p>Beer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of starter cultures in the production of yoghurt?

    <p>To ferment lactose into lactic acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following microorganisms is NOT involved in the natural fermentation of dawadawa?

    <p>Escherichia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of phosphate solubilizing bacterial Corynebacterium xerosis?

    <p>To solubilize phosphate and make it available to plants</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary application of Bacillus thurengiensis?

    <p>As a bio-insecticide against Dipteran and Lepidoptera</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of Verticillium lecanii?

    <p>To control Glasshouse aphids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary component of Elisa kits?

    <p>Enzymes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary application of Metarhizum anisopliae?

    <p>As a bio-fungicide against citrus mitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of Rhizobium inoculum?

    <p>To fix nitrogen in soil</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary application of Cytophagic polyhedrosis virus?

    <p>As a viral source against dendrolimu spectabilis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of Glugea gasti?

    <p>As a viral source against Boll weevil</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary application of Genome Analysis kits?

    <p>To analyze genomes for research purposes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the phylum to which the genus Gleocapsa belongs?

    <p>Cyanobacteria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which Proteobacteria can fix nitrogen?

    <p>Azospirllum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the genus that can cause brucellosis in mammals?

    <p>Brucella</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the genus Prochlorococcus?

    <p>They are very small</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the bacterium that can cause tick spotted fever?

    <p>Rickettsia porvazekii</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of Nitrobacter?

    <p>To oxidize ammonia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of a symbiont?

    <p>Rhizobium leguminocerae</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the bacterium that can insert a plasmid into other plant cells?

    <p>Agrobacterium tumefaciens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of a Gram-negative bacillus?

    <p>Brucella brucella</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which phylum includes the orders Mycoplasmatales, Entomoplasmatales, and Anaeroplasmatales?

    <p>Tenericules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the family of the genus Lactobacillus?

    <p>Lactobacillaceae</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which order includes the family Clostridiaceae and Peptococcus?

    <p>Clostridiales</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the class of the order Actinomycetales?

    <p>Actinobacteria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which family includes the genus Mycobacterium?

    <p>Mycobacteriaceae</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the suborder of the family Micrococcaceae?

    <p>Micrococcinae</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which phylum includes the class Clostridia?

    <p>Firmicutes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the family of the genus Streptomyces?

    <p>Streptomycetaceae</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which order includes the family Thermoanaeobacteriaceae?

    <p>Thermoanaerobacteriales</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Agricultural Microbiology

    • Deals with the effects of microorganisms on agriculture, including plant diseases and veterinary microbial diseases
    • Involves methods of fighting diseases using microbes, such as biopesticides, herbicides, and genetically engineered crops and animals
    • Microorganisms are used to increase soil fertility and crop yields, and genetically modified organisms (GMOs) are used to create hybrid crops and animals

    Industrial Microbiology

    • Enables the production of various products, including:
      • Antibiotics (e.g. Penicillin, Gentamicin, Bacitracin, Tetracycline)
      • Vaccines
      • Steroids
      • Alcohols
      • Lactic acids
      • Citric acids
      • Gluconic acids
      • Amino acids
      • Enzymes (e.g. Amylase)
      • Taq polymerase (used in PCR Technology)
    • Taq polymerase is an enzyme from Thermobacillus aquaticus, which forms the basis of PCR Technology

    Environmental Microbiology

    • Involves the study of microorganisms in natural environments, such as soil, water, and air
    • Includes the study of microorganisms in artificial environments, such as bioreactors in manufacturing industries
    • Examples of environmental microbiology include:
      • Aquatic microbiology (study of microorganisms in fresh or saltwater systems)
      • Biogas/biofuel generating plants

    Microbial Biomass Industries

    • Generate microorganisms as starter cultures or as food biomass for use by other industries
    • Examples include:
      • Baker's yeast production
      • Bacteria starter culture industries (e.g. Lactobacillus casei, L. Acidophilus, Streptococcus thermophilus)
      • Single cell protein (SCP) microbial biomass as food and feed additives
    • SCP provides up to 80% of protein content with vitamins and lipids

    Alcoholic Beverage Industries

    • First biotechnology industries in the world, producing:
      • Non-distilled alcoholic beverages (e.g. wine, beer)
      • Distilled alcoholic beverages (e.g. brandy, schnapps)
    • Production involves microorganisms and sophisticated technology

    Industrial Production of Useful Metabolites

    • Involves careful selection of microbial strains and manipulation of biological, chemical, and physical conditions to produce metabolites in excess
    • Examples of metabolites produced include:
      • Organic acids
      • Amino acids
      • Antibiotics
      • Vitamins
      • Polymer enzymes
      • Food additives (flavor/taste enhancers)
      • Bio-preservatives

    Agro- and Allied Industries

    • Produce materials used in agriculture, including:
      • Bio-fertilizers (e.g. phosphate solubilizing bacterial Corynebacterium xerosis, Rhizobium inoculum)
      • Bio-insecticides (e.g. Bacillus thuringiensis against Dipteran, Lepidoptera)
      • Fungal sources (e.g. Beauveria bassiana, B. tenella against Colorado beetle)
      • Viral sources (e.g. Cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus against dendrolimus spectabilis)
      • Animal and plant growth hormones (e.g. auxins, kinetin, gibberellin)
      • Vaccines and genetically modified seeds
      • Plant tissue culture for disease-free seedlings (callus)
      • Animal feeds with probiotics supplements

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