Introduction to Pharm MB

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is NOT a method of fighting plant diseases in Agricultural Microbiology?

Using bio pesticides such as Bacillus thurengiensis
Applying organic fertilizers to increase soil fertility
Spraying chemical insecticides to kill pests (correct)
Genetically engineering crops and animal species

What is the primary function of microorganisms in Industrial Microbiology?

To produce antibiotics and vaccines
To make products such as bacteriocins, preservatives, and lactic acids (correct)
To clean up environmental pollutants
To increase soil fertility and crops yield

Which of the following is an example of a genetically modified organism (GMO) in Agricultural Microbiology?

A microbe used in bio pesticide
A hybrid animal species
A bio fertilizer
A genetically engineered crop (correct)

What is the role of microorganisms in Environmental Microbiology?

To identify and isolate microbes in soil, water, air, and sediments (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an application of Aquatic Microbiology?

Studying microorganisms in fresh or salt water systems (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the source of the enzyme Taq used in PCR Technology?

Thermobacillus aquaticus (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT an application of Industrial Microbiology?

Cleaning up environmental pollutants (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of microorganisms in Food and Dairy Microbiology?

To act as starter cultures for making food products (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a bioreactor in Environmental Microbiology?

A biogas generating plant (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of Microbial Biomass Industries?

To generate microorganisms as starter cultures or food biomass (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a single cell protein (SCP) microbial biomass?

Microalga (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of genetic screening and modification in industrial production of useful metabolites?

To circumvent the regulatory mechanisms of cells (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of microbial amylase in the production of distilled alcoholic beverages?

To convert starch into fermentable sugars (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT an example of a microbial biomass product?

Palm oil (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of manipulating biological, chemical, and physical conditions of the culture in industrial production of useful metabolites?

To circumvent the regulatory mechanisms of cells (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a non-distilled alcoholic beverage?

Beer (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of starter cultures in the production of yoghurt?

To ferment lactose into lactic acid (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following microorganisms is NOT involved in the natural fermentation of dawadawa?

Escherichia (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of phosphate solubilizing bacterial Corynebacterium xerosis?

To solubilize phosphate and make it available to plants (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary application of Bacillus thurengiensis?

As a bio-insecticide against Dipteran and Lepidoptera (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of Verticillium lecanii?

To control Glasshouse aphids (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary component of Elisa kits?

Enzymes (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary application of Metarhizum anisopliae?

As a bio-fungicide against citrus mitis (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of Rhizobium inoculum?

To fix nitrogen in soil (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary application of Cytophagic polyhedrosis virus?

As a viral source against dendrolimu spectabilis (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of Glugea gasti?

As a viral source against Boll weevil (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary application of Genome Analysis kits?

To analyze genomes for research purposes (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the phylum to which the genus Gleocapsa belongs?

Cyanobacteria (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which Proteobacteria can fix nitrogen?

Azospirllum (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the genus that can cause brucellosis in mammals?

Brucella (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of the genus Prochlorococcus?

They are very small (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the bacterium that can cause tick spotted fever?

Rickettsia porvazekii (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of Nitrobacter?

To oxidize ammonia (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a symbiont?

Rhizobium leguminocerae (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the bacterium that can insert a plasmid into other plant cells?

Agrobacterium tumefaciens (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a Gram-negative bacillus?

Brucella brucella (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which phylum includes the orders Mycoplasmatales, Entomoplasmatales, and Anaeroplasmatales?

Tenericules (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the family of the genus Lactobacillus?

Lactobacillaceae (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which order includes the family Clostridiaceae and Peptococcus?

Clostridiales (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the class of the order Actinomycetales?

Actinobacteria (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which family includes the genus Mycobacterium?

Mycobacteriaceae (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the suborder of the family Micrococcaceae?

Micrococcinae (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which phylum includes the class Clostridia?

Firmicutes (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the family of the genus Streptomyces?

Streptomycetaceae (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which order includes the family Thermoanaeobacteriaceae?

Thermoanaerobacteriales (B) Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Agricultural Microbiology

Deals with the effects of microorganisms on agriculture, including plant diseases and veterinary microbial diseases
Involves methods of fighting diseases using microbes, such as biopesticides, herbicides, and genetically engineered crops and animals
Microorganisms are used to increase soil fertility and crop yields, and genetically modified organisms (GMOs) are used to create hybrid crops and animals

Industrial Microbiology

Enables the production of various products, including:
- Antibiotics (e.g. Penicillin, Gentamicin, Bacitracin, Tetracycline)
- Vaccines
- Steroids
- Alcohols
- Lactic acids
- Citric acids
- Gluconic acids
- Amino acids
- Enzymes (e.g. Amylase)
- Taq polymerase (used in PCR Technology)
Taq polymerase is an enzyme from Thermobacillus aquaticus, which forms the basis of PCR Technology

Environmental Microbiology

Involves the study of microorganisms in natural environments, such as soil, water, and air
Includes the study of microorganisms in artificial environments, such as bioreactors in manufacturing industries
Examples of environmental microbiology include:
- Aquatic microbiology (study of microorganisms in fresh or saltwater systems)
- Biogas/biofuel generating plants

Microbial Biomass Industries

Generate microorganisms as starter cultures or as food biomass for use by other industries
Examples include:
- Baker's yeast production
- Bacteria starter culture industries (e.g. Lactobacillus casei, L. Acidophilus, Streptococcus thermophilus)
- Single cell protein (SCP) microbial biomass as food and feed additives
SCP provides up to 80% of protein content with vitamins and lipids

Alcoholic Beverage Industries

First biotechnology industries in the world, producing:
- Non-distilled alcoholic beverages (e.g. wine, beer)
- Distilled alcoholic beverages (e.g. brandy, schnapps)
Production involves microorganisms and sophisticated technology

Industrial Production of Useful Metabolites

Involves careful selection of microbial strains and manipulation of biological, chemical, and physical conditions to produce metabolites in excess
Examples of metabolites produced include:
- Organic acids
- Amino acids
- Antibiotics
- Vitamins
- Polymer enzymes
- Food additives (flavor/taste enhancers)
- Bio-preservatives

Agro- and Allied Industries

Produce materials used in agriculture, including:
- Bio-fertilizers (e.g. phosphate solubilizing bacterial Corynebacterium xerosis, Rhizobium inoculum)
- Bio-insecticides (e.g. Bacillus thuringiensis against Dipteran, Lepidoptera)
- Fungal sources (e.g. Beauveria bassiana, B. tenella against Colorado beetle)
- Viral sources (e.g. Cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus against dendrolimus spectabilis)
- Animal and plant growth hormones (e.g. auxins, kinetin, gibberellin)
- Vaccines and genetically modified seeds
- Plant tissue culture for disease-free seedlings (callus)
- Animal feeds with probiotics supplements

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Description

Test your knowledge on the role of microorganisms in agriculture, plant diseases, and veterinary microbial diseases, including methods of control and applications in soil fertility and crop yield.