Agricultural Microbiology Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the function of neutrophils in the immune system?

  • Phagocytosis (correct)
  • Blood clotting
  • Killing parasites
  • Production of antibodies

    • Which type of immunity involves nonspecific responses to pathogens and is effective from birth?

  • Cell-mediated immunity
  • Innate immunity (correct)
  • Adaptive immunity
  • Acquired immunity

    • What is the main role of dendritic cells in the immune system?

  • Destroy target cells
  • Phagocytosis
  • Produce antibodies
  • Stimulate development of adaptive immunity (correct)

    • What is the function of eosinophils in the immune system?

    <p>Kill parasites</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the immediate defense active upon infection in animals?

    <p>Innate immunity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cells recognize and destroy target cells in the immune system?

    <p>Natural killer cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of TLRs (Toll-like receptors) in the immune system?

    <p>Recognize groups of pathogens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of monocytes in the immune system?

    <p>Phagocytosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which blood cells are responsible for transporting oxygen and carbon dioxide?

    <p>Red Blood Cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process by which a white blood cell engulfs a microbe called?

    <p>Phagocytosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of immunity develops after exposure to specific pathogens or foreign substances?

    <p>Adaptive immunity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the ability to ward off disease known as?

    <p>Immunity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of antibodies?

    <p>Marking pathogens for destruction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of neutrophils in extracellular killing?

    <p>Generating oxygen radicals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of phagocytic cells?

    <p>Engulfing and digesting pathogens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the source of antigens that elicit a response from B or T cells?

    <p>Pathogens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes T cells from B cells?

    <p>Maturation location</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of immunoglobulin IgG?

    <p>Second soluble class; most abundant</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do antibodies prevent viral infection of host cells?

    <p>Binding to viral surface proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of active immunization?

    <p>Developing immunological memory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of natural killer lymphocytes (NK cells)?

    <p>Killing viral infected cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of passive immunization?

    <p>Direct donation of antibodies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the adaptive immune response?

    <p>Antigen-specific recognition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of B cells in the immune response?

    <p>Antibody secretion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of immunity involves defenses against any pathogen?

    <p>Innate immunity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of natural killer cells in the immune system?

    <p>Killing target cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) in the immune system?

    <p>Recognizing groups of pathogens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of dendritic cells in the immune system?

    <p>Stimulating development of adaptive immunity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of eosinophils in the immune system?

    <p>Killing parasites</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of TLRs (Toll-like receptors) in the immune system?

    <p>Recognizing groups of pathogens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes T cells from B cells in the immune system?

    <p>Cell-mediated immunity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of antibodies in the immune system?

    <p>Neutralizing pathogens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of neutrophils in the immune system?

    <p>Phagocytosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main role of monocytes in the immune system?

    <p>Phagocytosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process by which a white blood cell engulfs a microbe called?

    <p>Phagocytosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of platelets in the immune system?

    <p>Blood clotting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a function of antibodies?

    <p>Neutralizing viral surface proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of macrophages in the immune system?

    <p>Engulfing and digesting pathogens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cells can carry out extracellular killing?

    <p>Neutrophils</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of natural killer lymphocytes (NK cells) in the immune system?

    <p>Killing target cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) in the immune system?

    <p>Recognizing pathogens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes T cells from B cells in the immune system?

    <p>Maturation location</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of neutrophils in the immune system?

    <p>Engulfing and digesting pathogens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of dendritic cells in the immune system?

    <p>Recognizing and presenting antigens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the source of antigens that elicit a response from B or T cells?

    <p>Parts of a microbe</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of passive immunization?

    <p>Directly donating antibodies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the immediate defense active upon infection in animals?

    <p>2nd line of defence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of immunoglobulin IgG?

    <p>Marking pathogens for destruction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Neutrophils

    • Primary immune cells responsible for phagocytosis and destruction of pathogens.
    • Play a significant role in extracellular killing through the release of enzymes and reactive oxygen species.

    Immunity Types

    • Nonspecific immunity, also known as innate immunity, is effective from birth and provides broad defense against pathogens.
    • Adaptive immunity develops specifically after exposure to pathogens or foreign substances.

    Dendritic Cells

    • Act as antigen-presenting cells that process and present antigens to T cells, initiating immune responses.
    • Serve as a critical link between innate and adaptive immunity.

    Eosinophils

    • Primarily involved in combating multicellular parasites and allergic reactions.
    • Release cytotoxic granules to damage or destroy target cells.

    Immediate Defense

    • Innate immune response is the immediate defense mechanism activated upon infection in animals.

    Target Cell Recognition

    • Natural Killer (NK) cells recognize and destroy infected or cancerous cells in the body.

    Toll-like Receptors (TLRs)

    • Part of the innate immune system that detects pathogens by recognizing specific molecular patterns.
    • Play a vital role in activating immune responses.

    Monocytes

    • Serve as precursors to macrophages and dendritic cells, involved in phagocytosis and the secretion of inflammatory factors.

    Blood Cells

    • Red blood cells (erythrocytes) are responsible for the transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide throughout the body.

    Phagocytosis

    • The process by which white blood cells, such as neutrophils and macrophages, engulf and digest microbes.

    Antibodies

    • Protein molecules that identify and neutralize pathogens like bacteria and viruses.
    • Immunoglobulin IgG, a common antibody type, provides long-term immunity and can prevent viral infection by blocking virus entry into host cells.

    Active Immunization

    • Introduces antigens to stimulate an immune response and the development of memory cells for future protection against specific pathogens.

    Natural Killer Cells

    • A type of lymphocyte that plays a crucial role in the destruction of infected or anomalous cells without prior sensitization.

    Passive Immunization

    • Provides immediate immunity through the transfer of antibodies from one individual to another, usually from mother to child.

    Adaptive Immune Response

    • Characterized by specificity and memory, recognizing specific pathogens and mounting a stronger response upon subsequent exposure.

    B Cells

    • Produce antibodies in response to specific antigens and are vital for humoral immunity.

    Distinguishing T Cells from B Cells

    • T cells are primarily involved in cell-mediated immunity, recognizing infected or cancerous cells, while B cells focus on antibody production.

    Macrophages

    • Functions include phagocytosis of pathogens, debris clearance, and antigen presentation to T cells for adaptive immunity activation.

    Platelets

    • Primarily involved in blood clotting but also contribute to immune responses through the release of cytokines.

    Extracellular Killing Cells

    • Include natural killer cells and certain cytotoxic T lymphocytes, responsible for inducing apoptosis in target cells.

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    MICR20010B (1).pptx

    Description

    Test your knowledge of agricultural microbiology with this quiz covering topics such as microorganisms and disease, the immune system, pathogenic bacteria, fungi and viruses, antibiotic-resistant microorganisms, and microbiology in the food industry.

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