18 Questions
What system of agriculture did the Spaniards introduce during their colonial period in the Philippines?
Pueblo agriculture system
Under the encomienda system in Spanish colonial times, who was mandated to manage the lands where Filipinos worked?
Encomenderos
What was the primary form of tribute paid by Filipinos to the Spanish authorities in the encomienda system?
Agricultural products
What characterized the 'compras y vandalas' practice under the encomienda system during Spanish colonial rule?
Forced selling of products at low prices or surrendering them
What was one major consequence of the Spanish colonial agricultural system on Filipino farmers regarding land ownership?
Filipinos were not allowed to own land under this system
How did the Spanish crown distribute tracts of land in the Philippines during its colonial rule?
To Spanish encomenderos, religious orders, and repartamientos for Spanish military
What was the main problem with the agrarian reform program implemented by the Americans?
All of the above.
What was the main goal of the American colonial government's land policies in the Philippines?
To distribute land ownership to a greater number of Filipino tenants and farmers
What was the purpose of the Land Registration Act (Act No. 496) passed by the Philippine Commission?
To introduce the Torrens system to address the absence of earlier records of issued land titles and conduct accurate land surveys
Which of the following statements best describes the impact of the American agrarian reform on the landless peasant farmers?
Many landless peasant farmers were forced to return to tenancy due to their inability to pay debts.
How did the American agrarian reform program differ from the Spanish colonial approach to land ownership?
The American program had no limit on the size of landholdings, unlike the Spanish system.
What happened to the friar lands during the American colonial period in the Philippines?
They were purchased by the colonial government and sold to the tenants
What was the impact of the American colonial government's land policies on land ownership in the Philippines?
It resulted in the consolidation of land ownership by a few large landowners, mostly Filipinos
What was the impact of the American agrarian reform program on the relationship between landlords and tenants?
It led to a worsening of the landlord-tenant relationship and increased peasant uprisings.
What was the primary reason for the limited impact of the American agrarian reform program?
Inherent challenges in land distribution and titling inherited from the Spanish colonial era.
How did the homestead program introduced in 1903 impact land ownership in the Philippines?
It allowed a tenant to enter into an agricultural business by acquiring a farm of at least 16 hectares
What was the impact of the Philippine Revolution on land ownership in the Philippines?
It led to the confiscation of large landed estates, especially the friar lands, and their declaration as government property
How did the peasants and workers respond to the worsening conditions under the American agrarian reform program?
They turned to violence and armed rebellion, such as the Colorum and Sakdal Uprisings.
Test your knowledge on the agrarian problems in Northern Luzon and Mindanao during the American period. Learn about landholdings, possession limits, and challenges inherited from the Spaniards.
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