Questions and Answers
What is the purpose of using the Activities Specific Balance Confidence scale in fall risk assessment?
What is the cut-off score for identifying fall risk using the Activities Specific Balance Confidence scale?
Which of the following is NOT a component of the STEADI algorithm?
What is the purpose of asking 'Do you worry about falling?' in the STEADI algorithm?
Signup and view all the answers
What percentage of fallers are accurately classified using the Activities Specific Balance Confidence scale?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary benefit of using the STEADI algorithm in fall risk assessment?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a result of decreased elastin content in arterial walls with increasing age?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a consequence of increased collagen content in arterial walls with aging?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a role of a PT in managing polypharmacy in older adults?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a consequence of less efficient valves in veins with aging?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a result of the loss of smooth muscle cells in arterial walls with aging?
Signup and view all the answers
Why do older adults experience altered physiologic response to drugs?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a key subjective question to ask older adults to promote the use of fewer drugs?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a consequence of increased size of vascular smooth muscle cells in arterial walls with aging?
Signup and view all the answers
Which type of exercise has been shown to reduce the risk of falls by 24% and the number of people experiencing falls by 13%?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the minimum number of hours of exercise required over 6 months to reduce the risk of falls?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the Otago Exercise Program?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary goal of the Continuum of Care?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary role of a physical therapist in home health?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary goal of palliative care?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the difference between palliative care and hospice care?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the purpose of the Master of Balance program?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary role of a physical therapist in inpatient rehabilitation?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary goal of the Fall Program Resources?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the main focus of palliative care?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the role of a physical therapist in palliative care?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the purpose of an advance care directive?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the term for medical assistance in dying?
Signup and view all the answers
In which country was euthanasia first legalized?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a predictor of MAiD acceptance?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the average age of individuals seeking MAiD in Canada?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the purpose of rehabilitation in palliative care?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the focus of successful palliative care?
Signup and view all the answers
Why do patients often opt for MAiD?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a major concern regarding physician-assisted death in dementia patients?
Signup and view all the answers
According to BJ Miller, what is the primary goal of palliative care?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a key argument against physician-assisted death?
Signup and view all the answers
How does BJ Miller propose to improve the experience of dying?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the name of the project where BJ Miller works?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a major ethical concern regarding physician-assisted death in mental health conditions?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary focus of BJ Miller's TED Talk?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a key principle of BJ Miller's approach to dying and end-of-life care?
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Aging Changes in the Cardiac Arterial System
- With increasing age, there is a reduction in contractility and elasticity of vascular walls and valves
- Arterial walls become thicker, with an increase in collagen content and a decrease in elastin content
- Lumen size increases, and endothelial cells become larger, with a decrease in their number
- Vascular smooth muscle cells increase in size, leading to less elastic and compliant arterial walls
- This predisposes individuals to atherosclerosis and hypertension, neither of which are considered normal in the aging process
Veins
- Lumen size increases, leading to less elasticity and less efficient valves
- This can lead to blood pooling in the extremities, resulting in increased falls, impaired cognition, incontinence, constipation, delirium, diarrhea, and gastrointestinal bleeding
Role of Physiotherapy (PT)
- Identify signs of polypharmacy and drug reactions
- Promote the use of fewer drugs by addressing PT-specific impairments or immobility
- Provide education to patients, caregivers, and family members
- Seek an interdisciplinary approach if impairments are not fully within the PT scope
Introduction to Falls in Aging
- A fall is defined as an event that results in a person coming to rest on the ground or other lower level
- To assess fall risk, questions can be asked about balance, dizziness, and other symptoms
- The Activities Specific Balance Confidence (ABC) Scale is a 12-question assessment to test perceived ability to complete various tasks
- Scores of 67% or less indicate fall risk
Exercise for Fall Prevention
- Exercise has been shown to reduce the risk of falls by 23% and the number of people experiencing falls by 15%
- Balance and functional exercises are the most effective, reducing falls by 24% and the number of people experiencing falls by 13%
- Tai Chi has also been shown to reduce falls by 19%
- Multimodal exercise programs that include balance, resistance training, and other exercises are the most effective, reducing falls by 34%
Continuum of Care
- Interventions can be done to slow but not prevent the aging process
- Addressing mental, cognitive, and social health can reduce stressors and increase longevity
- The continuum of care should focus on healthy aging, with more emphasis on prevention and early intervention
Role of PT in Different Settings
- In home health, PTs work with patients, caregivers, and other disciplines to promote independence and minimize further complications
- In acute care, PTs work to minimize hospital-acquired issues and promote early mobility
- In inpatient rehabilitation, PTs work to optimize mobility and function for discharge
- In long-term care facilities, PTs work to improve functional ability and address secondary impairments
- In palliative care, PTs shift their role to focus on patient and family management, support, and advocacy
Palliative Care
- Palliative care provides support to patients and families through the dying process
- It focuses on symptom management, education, and care planning for living at home
- Hospice is a subset of palliative care, providing support for patients in the final stages of life
Death with Dignity
- Death with dignity implies the ability to choose one's own death with autonomy and quality of death
- Medical Assistance in Dying (MAiD) is a highly debated topic, with varying legality worldwide
- In Canada, MAiD is legal with strict circumstances, and statistics show an increase in requests
- In the US, studies have shown that people who opt for MAiD experience higher levels of pain, depression, anxiety, and dyspnea
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Description
Learn about the effects of aging on the cardiac arterial system, including changes in contractility, elasticity, and structure of vascular walls and valves.
