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Questions and Answers
What can lead to a disturbance in the equilibrium during periodontitis?
What can lead to a disturbance in the equilibrium during periodontitis?
Which of the following is a recognized periodontal pathogen?
Which of the following is a recognized periodontal pathogen?
What is one virulence factor produced by Porphyromonas gingivalis?
What is one virulence factor produced by Porphyromonas gingivalis?
What role does biofilm play in periodontal disease?
What role does biofilm play in periodontal disease?
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Which environmental factor can contribute to the development of periodontal disease?
Which environmental factor can contribute to the development of periodontal disease?
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What is a common alteration in host response during periodontitis?
What is a common alteration in host response during periodontitis?
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How do endotoxins affect periodontal disease progression?
How do endotoxins affect periodontal disease progression?
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What is a key aspect of pathogen-host interaction in periodontal disease?
What is a key aspect of pathogen-host interaction in periodontal disease?
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Which of the following factors is NOT considered a microbial factor in the aetiology of periodontal disease?
Which of the following factors is NOT considered a microbial factor in the aetiology of periodontal disease?
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Which environmental factor is most commonly associated with an increased risk of periodontal disease?
Which environmental factor is most commonly associated with an increased risk of periodontal disease?
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What role do PMN defects play in the aetiology of periodontal disease?
What role do PMN defects play in the aetiology of periodontal disease?
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How can pre-existing pockets contribute to periodontal disease?
How can pre-existing pockets contribute to periodontal disease?
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Which of the following is NOT a component of host defense factors in periodontal disease?
Which of the following is NOT a component of host defense factors in periodontal disease?
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What is the primary function of biofilm in periodontal disease?
What is the primary function of biofilm in periodontal disease?
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Which of the following statements about pathogen-host interactions in periodontal disease is correct?
Which of the following statements about pathogen-host interactions in periodontal disease is correct?
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What is a common consequence of poor oral hygiene related to periodontal disease?
What is a common consequence of poor oral hygiene related to periodontal disease?
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What is a key factor that contributes to the progression of periodontal disease?
What is a key factor that contributes to the progression of periodontal disease?
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Which of the following best describes the role of beneficial microbes in periodontal health?
Which of the following best describes the role of beneficial microbes in periodontal health?
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What triggers the shift from a beneficial biofilm to a pathogenic one?
What triggers the shift from a beneficial biofilm to a pathogenic one?
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According to the Keystone Pathogen-Host Response Hypothesis, what initiates the damage to periodontal tissue?
According to the Keystone Pathogen-Host Response Hypothesis, what initiates the damage to periodontal tissue?
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Which environmental factor is linked to the initiation of periodontal disease?
Which environmental factor is linked to the initiation of periodontal disease?
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What evidence currently supports the understanding of periodontal disease aetiology?
What evidence currently supports the understanding of periodontal disease aetiology?
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What misconception about bacterial pathogens and periodontal disease is commonly held?
What misconception about bacterial pathogens and periodontal disease is commonly held?
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What is a major consequence of a shift from a beneficial biofilm to a dysbiotic one?
What is a major consequence of a shift from a beneficial biofilm to a dysbiotic one?
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Study Notes
Aetiology of Periodontal Disease
- Periodontal disease is multifactorial, meaning it's caused by the interaction of multiple factors.
- Microbial factors play a significant role in periodontal disease.
- Environmental factors like smoking, poor oral hygiene, pre-existing pockets, and plaque-retentive factors contribute to the development of periodontal disease.
- Host defense factors, including PMN defects and certain inherited genotypes, influence the progression of periodontal disease.
Keystone Pathogen-Host Response Hypothesis
- The keystone pathogen-host response hypothesis suggests that specific bacteria trigger a shift in the oral microbiome towards harmful bacteria.
- This triggers an uncontrolled host inflammatory response leading to tissue destruction.
- Previous research has shown that bacteria alone aren't solely responsible for periodontal destruction.
- The current understanding is that it's the immune response and uncontrolled inflammation that contribute to tissue breakdown.
Support for the Keystone Pathogen-Host Response Hypothesis
- Biofilms in a healthy state maintained a stable equilibrium or homeostasis.
- There's no conclusive evidence indicating pathogenic bacteria directly cause periodontal tissue destruction.
- Strong evidence suggests that uncontrolled host inflammatory and immune response are the primary drivers of tissue damage in periodontal disease.
Periodontal Pathogens and their Virulence Factors
- There are approximately 12-15 types of bacteria recognized to be particularly associated with periodontal breakdown.
- These include:
- Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg)
- Tannerella forsythia (Tf)
- Treponema denticola (Td)
- Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (Aa)
Virulence Factors
- Subgingival pathogens deploy virulence factors, including proteinases (e.g., gingipains) and endotoxins (lipopolysaccharide) produced by gram-negative organisms.
- Proteinases digest tissue proteins for nutrient acquisition and to disrupt host defenses like antibodies.
- Endotoxins contribute to inflammation and tissue damage.
- Haemalgglutination of RBCs, a process where bacteria bind to red blood cells, can also contribute to disease progression.
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Description
Explore the multifactorial nature of periodontal disease through this quiz. Understand the significant roles played by microbial, environmental, and host defense factors in its development. Delve into the keystone pathogen-host response hypothesis and learn how these factors contribute to tissue destruction.
