Adverse Effects of Clopidogrel
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Questions and Answers

Which organ is primarily responsible for metabolizing acetaminophen?

  • Liver (correct)
  • Lungs
  • Heart
  • Kidneys

    • What is the most beneficial antidote for acetaminophen overdose?

  • Ibuprofen
  • Aspirin
  • Acetylcysteine (correct)
  • Morphine

    • What percentage of acetaminophen is excreted in urine as non-toxic glucuronate and sulfate conjugates?

  • 94% (correct)
  • 25%
  • 10%
  • 50%

    • In patients with renal impairment, why may there be an accumulation of acetaminophen in the kidneys?

    <p>Due to slower elimination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the duration of action of IV injection Ofirmev, which contains acetaminophen?

    <p>3-4 hours</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of Analgesic Antipyretic as mentioned in the text?

    <p>To decrease pain and fever</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential adverse reaction to acetaminophen mentioned in the text?

    <p>Myocardial damage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which group of drugs can either increase or decrease the effects of acetaminophen?

    <p>Anticonvulsants</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What could be a sign for healthcare professionals to stop the administration of acetaminophen?

    <p>Development of rash</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the therapeutic serum level range for salicylate as mentioned in the text?

    <p>100-300 mcg/mL</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of action for aspirin?

    <p>Inhibits the synthesis of thromboxane A2 to inhibit platelet aggregation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common side effect of aspirin specifically mentioned in the text?

    <p>Mental confusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant contraindication for children and teenagers related to aspirin?

    <p>Flu-like symptoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does ibuprofen differ from aspirin in terms of its pharmacokinetics?

    <p>Eliminated mainly through renal excretion unlike aspirin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a recommendation for older adults when taking ibuprofen?

    <p>Use gastroprotective agents if at risk for upper GI bleeding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum daily dosage for patients with hepatitis?

    <p>2g</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which adverse effect is NOT associated with Ibuprofen use?

    <p>Hair loss</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main mechanism of action of Ibuprofen?

    <p>Inhibits prostaglandin synthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of beta-lactamase inhibitors in antibiotic therapy?

    <p>Counteract resistance by bacteria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which clotting factors are inhibited by Warfarin in the liver?

    <p>Factor VII and IX</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary adverse effect associated with warfarin therapy?

    <p>Hemorrhage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organ eliminates warfarin from the body?

    <p>Liver</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the black box warning for warfarin issued by the US FDA related to?

    <p>Risk of hemorrhage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which population group is caution warranted when using alteplase?

    <p>Older patients (65–80 years of age)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main action of alteplase in the body?

    <p>Lyses unwanted fibrin blood clots</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the most common adverse effects associated with clopidogrel?

    <p>Pruritus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme is responsible for metabolizing clopidogrel, potentially leading to poor or ultrarapid metabolism?

    <p>CYP2C19</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a contraindication for the use of clopidogrel?

    <p>Active bleeding conditions like peptic ulcer disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary action of heparin in the body?

    <p>Inactivating clotting factors IX, X, XI, and XII</p> Signup and view all the answers

    For what condition is low-dose heparin prophylactically used?

    <p>Deep vein thrombosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a major limitation of traditional anticoagulants mentioned in the text?

    <p>Narrow therapeutic window with wide individual dose variability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is heparin considered the anticoagulant of choice during pregnancy and lactation?

    <p>It does not cross the placental barrier or get secreted in breast milk</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended interval for monitoring platelet counts during heparin therapy?

    <p>Every 2 to 3 days</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When should a healthcare provider consider discontinuing heparin therapy based on platelet counts?

    <p>If platelet count falls below 100,000 per microliter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended therapeutic range for maintaining activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) during heparin therapy?

    <p>45 to 70 seconds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it necessary to minimize intramuscular injections in patients receiving systemic thrombolytic therapy?

    <p>To prevent bleeding, bruising, or hematomas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key reason for checking INR, aPTT, platelet count, and fibrinogen before initiating thrombolytic therapy?

    <p>To establish baseline values and identify possible blood coagulation disorders</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does clopidogrel exert its antiplatelet effects?

    <p>By blocking the ADP receptor on platelet cell surface</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of clopidogrel's pharmacokinetics?

    <p>Undergoes extensive first-pass metabolism in the liver</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which patients is caution advised when administering clopidogrel?

    <p>Older adults or individuals with hepatic impairment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum recommended duration of medication with acetaminophen for children according to the text?

    <p>3 days</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which parameter should be assessed in patients taking acetaminophen to monitor for renal toxicity?

    <p>Urine output</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary contraindication for children and teenagers related to aspirin use?

    <p>Reye's syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common adverse effect associated with hypersensitivity reactions to acetaminophen?

    <p>Rash</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum dose of acetaminophen that should be administered to adults per day, as specified in the text?

    <p>4g</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the potential tetragons associated with Methotrexate use in children?

    <p>Increased risk for acute leukemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor should be considered in the dosage of Methotrexate for children?

    <p>Body surface area</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common adverse effect of Methotrexate therapy in older adults?

    <p>Nausea and vomiting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which malignancy is NOT listed as a potential risk for children using Methotrexate?

    <p>Sarcomas of muscle and bone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a contraindication for Methotrexate use in children?

    <p>Brain tumors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is aspirin not recommended for children?

    <p>It can cause Reye's syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a contraindication for using aspirin in patients?

    <p>Peptic ulcer disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary therapeutic effect of aspirin in patients with cardiovascular conditions?

    <p>Preventing stroke</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended daily dosage of aspirin for children with fever and pain?

    <p>$325-650$ mg every 6 hours</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential concern when using amoxicillin-clavulanate (Augmentin) in patients with hepatic injury or destruction?

    <p>Development of cholestatic jaundice</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are elderly patients susceptible to superinfections when given any anti-infective agent?

    <p>Impaired renal function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a contraindication for the use of penicillins like ampicillin in patients with hepatic impairment?

    <p>Development of cholestatic jaundice</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why should dosage adjustments be considered for ampicillin in elderly patients?

    <p>Due to decreased renal function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key factor to consider when administering extended-spectrum drugs like piperacillin in critical care units?

    <p>Bactericidal activity against a wide range of bacteria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a crucial consideration for the use of this medication in children?

    <p>Monitoring tests to assess for impaired renal function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which adverse effect is specifically mentioned as a concern for patients using this medication?

    <p>Fluid and electrolyte imbalance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant contraindication for this medication during pregnancy or lactation?

    <p>May lead to fetal loss or malformations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it advised to avoid doses higher than 1g twice a day for patients with renal impairment?

    <p>To avoid increased plasma levels due to impaired renal function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential adverse effect of alternating acetaminophen and ibuprofen every 4 hours over a 3-day period in young children?

    <p>Higher incidence of liver damage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a contraindication for the use of acetaminophen in older adults?

    <p>Chronic alcohol abuse</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor should be considered when adjusting the dosage of acetaminophen for patients with renal impairment?

    <p>Severity of kidney damage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant adverse effect associated with prolonged use of ibuprofen in children?

    <p>Liver toxicity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In young children, what should healthcare providers consider regarding the duration of action of IV injection Ofirmev containing acetaminophen?

    <p>Longer duration compared to adults</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main reason why clopidogrel is not considered safe for children?

    <p>It has not been established as safe in pediatric patients</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which age group is more likely to experience bleeding and complications from antiplatelet drugs?

    <p>Older adults</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is caution advised when administering clopidogrel to individuals with hepatic impairment?

    <p>It may accumulate due to liver metabolism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a potential risk associated with clopidogrel use in older adults?

    <p>Greater chance of hemorrhagic stroke</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura' is a potential serious adverse effect associated with which drug mentioned in the text?

    <p>Clopidogrel</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Severe neutropenia' is a side effect that has been reported with the use of:

    <p>Clopidogrel</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Pruritus' and 'rash' are common adverse effects associated with the use of:

    <p>'Clopidogrel'</p> Signup and view all the answers

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