14 Questions
Which adverse effects are commonly associated with a fixed-dose combination of agents used to improve symptoms and survival in black patients with HFrEF?
Headache, dizziness, hypotension
Why are positive inotropic agents used in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) controversial?
They increase intracellular calcium concentration
Which drug is the only available agent among the digitalis glycosides group?
Digoxin
What is the main pharmacological target of angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs)?
Angiotensin receptors
What is the primary therapeutic use of ACE inhibitors in heart failure treatment?
Improving cardiac function
Which adverse effect is rarely associated with hydralazine use?
Drug-induced lupus
Why are positive inotropic agents generally used for only a short period in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF)?
Because they reduce survival in HFrEF
What is the term used to describe heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) resulting from the ventricle being unable to pump effectively?
Systolic failure
Which of the following is a direct detrimental effect on cardiac muscle caused by high levels of angiotensin II and aldosterone?
Remodeling
What is the main role of natriuretic peptides in heart failure?
Inhibit renin release
Which therapeutic strategy aims to reduce myocardial fibrosis and improve cardiac function in heart failure?
Activation of angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs)
What is the term applied when the ability of the ventricles to relax and accept blood is impaired by structural changes such as hypertrophy?
Diastolic dysfunction
How does excessive elongation of heart muscle fibers affect contractions in heart failure?
Weakens contractions
Which hormone's release is inhibited as a beneficial response to the activation of natriuretic peptides in heart failure?
Renin
Explore the adverse effects, drug interactions, and clinical uses of Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers (ARBs) and Aldosterone Receptor Antagonists in the management of heart failure. Understand the differences in adverse effect profiles between ACE inhibitors and ARBs.
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