Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers (ARBs) and Alternative Medications

What is the mechanism of action of ARBs in reducing blood pressure?

Blocking the effects of angiotensin II at the receptor site

What is the effect of hydralazine and isosorbide on the heart?

Decreases preload and afterload

What is the purpose of prescribing beta-blockers in hypertension?

To reduce the effects of the constant stimulation of the SNS

What is the mechanism of action of digitalis in improving heart function?

Increases the force of myocardial contraction and slows conduction through the AV node Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of diuretics in hypertension?

Removes excess extracellular fluid by increasing the rate of urine produced Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of pharmacologic therapy in treating heart failure?

To decrease afterload and promote vasodilation Signup and view all the answers

Which medication is used to help the heart pump more effectively?

Digoxin Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of action of ACE inhibitors in treating heart failure?

Blocking the conversion of angiotensin I to II Signup and view all the answers

Why are vasodilators like nitro drips used in treating heart failure?

To hide excess volume in the vasculature Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential complication of pharmacologic therapy in heart failure patients with renal disease?

Elevation of BUN and Cr Signup and view all the answers

Which inotrope is a phosphodiesterase inhibitor that delays the release of calcium from intracellular reserves and prevents extracellular calcium uptake by the cells?

Milrinone Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary effect of Dobutamine on the heart?

Increase in cardiac contractility Signup and view all the answers

Why are patients initially taken to the ICU when given Dobutamine for the first time?

To monitor for hypotension or arrhythmias Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of giving patients a 'Dobutamine tuneup' in the hospital?

To help the heart beat and pump more effectively and to diurese them a little bit Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of Milrinone on preload and afterload?

Decreases preload and afterload Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary consideration when selecting a medication for dysrhythmia treatment?

Response to previous treatment Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended dose of Amiodorone for cardiac arrest?

300 mg direct IV push Signup and view all the answers

Which medication is commonly used for numbing and ventricular tachycardia arrhythmias?

Lidocaine Signup and view all the answers

What is the main concern when using Lopressor in a patient who has just been admitted to the hospital for a heart attack?

The patient's systolic BP may be less than 100 Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of using Beta blockers in dysrhythmia treatment?

To slow the heart rate Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of prescribing a beta-blocker in a patient with heart disease?

To decrease the heart rate and reduce blood pressure Signup and view all the answers

What medication can be used to prevent arrhythmias in the acute phase of a myocardial infarction?

Lidocaine or Amiodarone Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of prescribing a medication that blocks sodium channels in a patient with heart disease?

To prevent arrhythmias Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of medications that block calcium channels in a patient with heart disease?

Decrease the heart rate and blood pressure Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of prescribing a medication that blocks potassium channels in a patient with heart disease?

To prevent arrhythmias Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary concern when administering nitroglycerin to a middle-aged man with chest pain who has taken sildenafil or silace?

Significant drop in blood pressure Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical approach to using ACE Inhibitors in patients with renal impairment?

Hold back on them for at least 72 hours Signup and view all the answers

What is the indication for administering morphine in a patient with chest pain?

To decrease anxiety and apprehension Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of administering three or more nitroglycerin doses 5 minutes apart without relief?

The patient is having a heart attack and needs immediate attention Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of beta-blockers in heart disease?

Main line therapy for heart disease Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary effect of synthetic BNP in acute decompensated HF?

Arterial and venous dilation Signup and view all the answers

What is the antidote for heparin overdose?

Protamine sulfate Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential side effect of long-term use of amiodarone in a patient with CHF?

Idiopathic lung disease Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of resynchronization therapy in patients with stage 4 HF?

Coordinate left and right side of the heart Signup and view all the answers

Which medication is used to prevent blood clots in patients with atrial fibrillation?

Heparin drip Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary effect of heparin SQ in patients with DVT?

Prevention of blood clots Signup and view all the answers

Which medication is used to treat bradycardia in patients with heart failure?

Atropine Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of action of anticoagulants in patients with heart failure?

Prevention of blood clots Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of an ICD in patients with heart failure?

To regulate heart rhythm Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential side effect of long-term use of amiodarone in a patient with CHF?

Thyroid problems Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common type of pacemaker?

Transcutaneous pacemaker Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a Transthoracic Echocardiogram (TTE)?

To provide a detailed picture of heart function and valve operation Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of performing an echocardiogram in a patient with heart failure?

To measure injection fraction and detect valve problems Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of performing an AdaCXR in a patient with a pacemaker?

To confirm lead placement Signup and view all the answers

Which type of pacemaker is typically used during open-heart surgery?

Epicardial pacemaker Signup and view all the answers

What is the advantage of a Transesophageal Echocardiogram (TEE) over a TTE?

It provides a more detailed picture of the heart Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of a transesophageal echocardiogram (TEE)?

To identify atrial or ventricular septal defects Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of nursing management in a patient with an ICD/pacemaker?

To assess the incision site and prevent complications Signup and view all the answers

Why is a TEE considered a more invasive procedure than a TTE?

It requires moderate sedation Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of performing a 12-lead EKG in a patient with a pacemaker?

To confirm proper pacemaker function Signup and view all the answers

What type of pacing is commonly used in open heart surgery?

Epicardial Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of attaching wires directly to the heart in epicardial pacing?

To pace the heart Signup and view all the answers

What is the concern when using a ventricular probe via Swan Ganz catheter?

Pacemaker site movement Signup and view all the answers

What type of pacing is commonly seen in hospitals today?

Transcutaneous Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the first three settings in the Universal Code for pacemaker function?

They indicate the chamber being paced Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of diagnosing heart failure?

To identify the signs and symptoms of fluid overload or inadequate tissue perfusion Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of performing an echocardiogram in a patient with heart failure?

To assess the heart's wall motions and valves Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of an ejection fraction of less than 40% in a patient with heart failure?

The patient is likely to experience significant symptomatology even at rest Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of a pacemaker in patients with heart failure?

To regulate the heart rate Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the test used to measure the heart's pulsation and heart rate?

Pulse oximetry Signup and view all the answers

What is a common indication for pacemaker therapy in patients with heart failure?

Slow pulse formation with hemodynamic compromise Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of resynchronization therapy in patients with heart failure?

To resynchronize the left and right ventricles to work together better Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the right coronary artery in relation to pacemaker function?

It feeds the SA node in 60% of people and the AV node in 90% of people Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a pacemaker in a patient with heart failure?

To sense and respond to intrinsic activity, firing only when the patient needs it Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential complication of pacemaker insertion?

Pneumothorax/Hemothorax Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of high sensitivity in a pacemaker generator?

The pacemaker can't see any heartbeat Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of an Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator (ICD)?

To detect and terminate life-threatening episodes of tachycardia or fibrillation Signup and view all the answers

What is the unit of measurement for sensitivity in a pacemaker generator?

Millivolts Signup and view all the answers

What is a common indication for pacemaker implantation in patients with heart failure?

Class 3 or 4 HF Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of observing the dressing and chest wall for bleeding after pacemaker insertion?

To monitor for bleeding or hematoma Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the electrodes in a pacemaker?

To carry the impulse created by the generator to the heart Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical location for implanting a pacemaker?

Upper left chest wall Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary concern when a pacemaker is implanted?

Risk of infection Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a temporary wire during pacemaker replacement?

To hook the person up to a transvenous pacemaker Signup and view all the answers

How often may a pacemaker need to be replaced?

Every 8-10 years Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of maintaining a pacemaker?

To ensure the pacemaker is functioning correctly Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary benefit of AV Sequential pacing?

It allows for pacing of both the atrium and ventricle Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of pacemaker batteries?

To stimulate the myocardium Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary benefit of Biventricular pacing?

It allows for pacing of both sides of the heart Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of replacing pacemaker wires?

To ensure the pacemaker is functioning correctly Signup and view all the answers

Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers (ARBs) and Alternative Medications

Questions and Answers

What is the mechanism of action of ARBs in reducing blood pressure?

What is the effect of hydralazine and isosorbide on the heart?

What is the purpose of prescribing beta-blockers in hypertension?

What is the mechanism of action of digitalis in improving heart function?

What is the effect of diuretics in hypertension?

What is the primary goal of pharmacologic therapy in treating heart failure?

Which medication is used to help the heart pump more effectively?

What is the mechanism of action of ACE inhibitors in treating heart failure?

Why are vasodilators like nitro drips used in treating heart failure?

What is a potential complication of pharmacologic therapy in heart failure patients with renal disease?

Which inotrope is a phosphodiesterase inhibitor that delays the release of calcium from intracellular reserves and prevents extracellular calcium uptake by the cells?

What is the primary effect of Dobutamine on the heart?

Why are patients initially taken to the ICU when given Dobutamine for the first time?

What is the purpose of giving patients a 'Dobutamine tuneup' in the hospital?

What is the effect of Milrinone on preload and afterload?

What is the primary consideration when selecting a medication for dysrhythmia treatment?

What is the recommended dose of Amiodorone for cardiac arrest?

Which medication is commonly used for numbing and ventricular tachycardia arrhythmias?

What is the main concern when using Lopressor in a patient who has just been admitted to the hospital for a heart attack?

What is the primary purpose of using Beta blockers in dysrhythmia treatment?

What is the purpose of prescribing a beta-blocker in a patient with heart disease?

What medication can be used to prevent arrhythmias in the acute phase of a myocardial infarction?

What is the purpose of prescribing a medication that blocks sodium channels in a patient with heart disease?

What is the effect of medications that block calcium channels in a patient with heart disease?

What is the purpose of prescribing a medication that blocks potassium channels in a patient with heart disease?

What is the primary concern when administering nitroglycerin to a middle-aged man with chest pain who has taken sildenafil or silace?

What is the typical approach to using ACE Inhibitors in patients with renal impairment?

What is the indication for administering morphine in a patient with chest pain?

What is the significance of administering three or more nitroglycerin doses 5 minutes apart without relief?

What is the primary role of beta-blockers in heart disease?

What is the primary effect of synthetic BNP in acute decompensated HF?

What is the antidote for heparin overdose?

What is a potential side effect of long-term use of amiodarone in a patient with CHF?

What is the primary goal of resynchronization therapy in patients with stage 4 HF?

Which medication is used to prevent blood clots in patients with atrial fibrillation?

What is the primary effect of heparin SQ in patients with DVT?

Which medication is used to treat bradycardia in patients with heart failure?

What is the mechanism of action of anticoagulants in patients with heart failure?

What is the purpose of an ICD in patients with heart failure?

What is a potential side effect of long-term use of amiodarone in a patient with CHF?

What is the most common type of pacemaker?

What is the purpose of a Transthoracic Echocardiogram (TTE)?

What is the purpose of performing an echocardiogram in a patient with heart failure?

What is the significance of performing an AdaCXR in a patient with a pacemaker?

Which type of pacemaker is typically used during open-heart surgery?

What is the advantage of a Transesophageal Echocardiogram (TEE) over a TTE?

What is the primary purpose of a transesophageal echocardiogram (TEE)?

What is the primary goal of nursing management in a patient with an ICD/pacemaker?

Why is a TEE considered a more invasive procedure than a TTE?

What is the significance of performing a 12-lead EKG in a patient with a pacemaker?

What type of pacing is commonly used in open heart surgery?

What is the purpose of attaching wires directly to the heart in epicardial pacing?

What is the concern when using a ventricular probe via Swan Ganz catheter?

What type of pacing is commonly seen in hospitals today?

What is the significance of the first three settings in the Universal Code for pacemaker function?

What is the primary goal of diagnosing heart failure?

What is the purpose of performing an echocardiogram in a patient with heart failure?

What is the significance of an ejection fraction of less than 40% in a patient with heart failure?

What is the primary purpose of a pacemaker in patients with heart failure?

What is the name of the test used to measure the heart's pulsation and heart rate?

What is a common indication for pacemaker therapy in patients with heart failure?

What is the purpose of resynchronization therapy in patients with heart failure?

What is the significance of the right coronary artery in relation to pacemaker function?

What is the purpose of a pacemaker in a patient with heart failure?

What is a potential complication of pacemaker insertion?

What is the effect of high sensitivity in a pacemaker generator?

What is the primary purpose of an Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator (ICD)?

What is the unit of measurement for sensitivity in a pacemaker generator?

What is a common indication for pacemaker implantation in patients with heart failure?

What is the purpose of observing the dressing and chest wall for bleeding after pacemaker insertion?

What is the primary function of the electrodes in a pacemaker?

What is the typical location for implanting a pacemaker?

What is the primary concern when a pacemaker is implanted?

What is the purpose of a temporary wire during pacemaker replacement?

How often may a pacemaker need to be replaced?

What is the purpose of maintaining a pacemaker?

What is the primary benefit of AV Sequential pacing?

What is the primary purpose of pacemaker batteries?